汉代蝉形口琀研究  

ON THE CICADA-SHAPED MOUTHPIECES OF THE HAN DYNASTY

作　　者：王煜[1] 谢亦琛 

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,成都610064 [2]天津市文物局,天津300041

出　　处：《考古学报》2017年第1期73-96,共24页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

基　　金：四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目"学科前沿与交叉创新研究一般项目"(批准号:skqy201532)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：一绪论 在死者口中含以物品的习俗，从现有考古材料来看，至迟在仰韶文化中就已经出现。如陕西临潼姜寨遗址墓葬中有在死者口中放置贝片的情况。山东兖州王因遗址大汶口文化墓葬也发现有含石子、陶球的现象，而胶县三里河遗址大汶口文化墓葬则发现有含玉的情况，上海青浦崧泽文化和甘肃齐家文化墓葬中也有含玉和绿松石珠子的现象。The cicada-shaped mouthpieces used for burial were mostly made of jade, but some of them were also made of bone, shell, even glass and other materials to simulate the jade texture. The materials available to date show that the cicada-shaped mouthpiece in the strict sense appeared first in the Eastern Zhou Period, the relationship of which with the new cicada-shaped mouthpiece which burst in the early Western Han Dynasty is still waiting for further research. Since the mid to the late Western Han, the cicada-shaped mouthpiece has been popular in the whole empire, and the main places where it is concentrated to be unearthed are the eastern region centered by Xuzhou and Yangzhou, the Guanzhong region centered by Xi＇an, and Henan and northern Hubei ; in the Eastern Han, Luoyang became another center. All of the new forms and new styles of the cicada-shaped mouthpieces were created in these centers and then spread to other regions. At the very beginning, the cicada-shaped mouth- piece was used as one of the ＂nine orifice plugs＂ in the burial jades, and most of them had the functions of both a mouthpiece and a mouth plug. Since the mid to the late Western Han Dynasty, cicada-shaped mouthpiece became the mainstream of the mouthpieces for the dead, and formed a close assemblage with the pig-shaped jade handgrip as the mainstream of the hand-held burial jades for the dead. Because the cicada-shaped mouthpiece was not a component of the funeral ritual system of the Han Dynasty, it did not have close association with the high-ranking burial jades, such as the jade burial suit sewn with golden wires, etc. It does not have a hierarchical meaning whether the mouthpiece is made into the shape of a cicada or not, and the difference on the rank and position of the dead was shown by the materials of which the mouthpiece was made. As a popular social custom, to make mouthpiece into the shape of a cicada was related to the superstitious beliefs of the people in jade and cicada. A- long with the gradual abolishment of these sup

关 键 词：大汶口文化 汉代 考古材料 仰韶文化 齐家文化 崧泽文化 墓葬 蝉 

分 类 号：K871.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]