公众如何看待科学家参与政策制定:从科学素养、社会网络和信任的角度  

Public Attitudes towards Scientists' Roles in Policy Making:An Analysis from the Perspective of Science Literacy,Social Network and Trust

作　　者：游淳惠 金兼斌[2] 徐雅兰[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学人文学院,浙江杭州310023 [2]清华大学新闻与传播学院,北京100084

出　　处：《新闻大学》2016年第6期77-86,共10页Journalism Research

基　　金：转基因生物新品种培育重大专项重大课题计划"转基因生物技术发展科普宣传与风险交流"(2016ZX08015002);国家社科基金2011年一般项目"社会网络中的舆情演变机制研究"(11BXW018)资助

摘　　要：近年来,国内发生PX化工项目、转基因食品、核能等和科学技术息息相关的公众热议话题。这些议题中,相当一部分民众所张扬的"民意"和问题背后的"科学"本质有很大的出入或偏差,成为此类争论中一个令人关注的特点。网络舆论和科学家群体,由此也成为公共政策制定过程中的重要博弈力量。本研究立足我国当前公共政策参与文化尚未完全发展成熟这一社会环境中,探讨公众对科学家参与政策制定的态度。通过一个全国性的抽样调查(N=1507),本研究检验了科学素养、社会网络、科学家信任等因素与公众对科学家参与政策制定的态度之间的多元关联性。研究发现,(1)公众对科学家的信任度越高,以及对科技在社会发展中的期许越高,则其对科学家参与政策制定的支持度也越高;(2)公众的科学素养越高,越支持科学家参与政策制定;(3)公众的人际关系圈中具有较高科学素养的人越多,其对新媒体中科技相关内容的关注度越高,则其科学素养水平和对科学家的信任度也越高。Recently, policy issues that are closely related to science and technology, like PX project, genetically modified food and PM 2.5 air pollution, have become an area of conflicts between ‘public opinion' and ‘science'. The public and scientists group are more and more involved in the negotiation of policymaking. In this paper, we take China's Mainland as an example to discuss public attitudes toward scientists' participation in policymaking and the influencing factors. The research results are as follows:(1) Public trust of different groups of people would affect public attitudes toward scientists' participation in policymaking. Specifically, trust in scientists as well as positive attitudes towards science and technology has a significant effect on supporting scientists' participation in policymaking.(2) There is a positive correlation between scientific literacy and public support of scientists' participation in policymaking. A higher level of scientific literacy, is likely to come along with a higher support for involving scientists in the policymaking process.(3) Social networks and usage of scientific new media would have a positive influence on scientific literacy, trust in scientists and government.

关 键 词：科学素养 社会网络 科学家信任 媒介使用 政策制定 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]