人工分子机器的历史、现状、展望  

Progress in artificial molecular machines

作　　者：李盛华[1] 张瀛溟[1] 刘育[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学化学学院,天津化学化工协同创新中心,天津300071

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第36期3917-3923,共7页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：2016年诺贝尔化学奖授予斯托达特、索瓦日和费林加以表彰其在"人工分子机器的设计与合成"领域的开创性研究.本文围绕分子机器的发展历史,从机器的运动方式入手,简述分子机器的研究进展以及相关化学家的杰出成就.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 was awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa for their pioneering research of synthetic molecular machines. This article briefly reviews the history of molecular machines and classifies them as translationally molecular machines and rotationally molecular machines（molecular motors）, which consists of five parts as below.（1） Hypothesis and realization of artificial molecular machines： the question and answer between Feymann and Stoddart beyond time. In Feymann＇s 1959 lecture, entitled＂There＇s Plenty of Room at the Bottom＂, he proposed some problems of manipulating and controlling things at a small（nano） scale, and envisaged a bottom-up strategy to fabricate small（molecular） machines. When Feymann had gone three years later, in 1991, Stoddart realized that controlling the movement of one molecular component in [2]rotaxane is key technology for building molecular machines. And in 1994, Stoddart had achieved his proposal and made controllable molecular shuttle based on bistable [2]rotaxane which is a protocol of translationally molecular machines. For the facile construction of rotaxane-like interlocked molecules, there is another story in next part.（2） Molecular machines and supramolecular chemistry： teacher-student relationship of Lehn and Sauvage. The first discovery of [2]catenane and [2]rotaxane by statistical approaches in quite low yield was reported in 1960 s, which had created a new subject—＂chemical topology＂. In 1970 s, the chemistry of association between two or more chemical species had risen up, which was defined as ＂supramolecular chemistry＂ by Lehn. Sauvage, the student of Lehn, firstly introduced the concept of supramolecular chemistry into the synthesis of [2]catenane in 1983. This so-called ＂template effect＂ strategy of pre-association of synthetic fragment greatly improved the synthesis of [2]catenane, [2]rotaxane and even multiply interlocked ring systems. Stoddart praised him as �

关 键 词：分子机器 发展历史 人工 展望 诺贝尔化学奖 运动方式 化学家 

分 类 号：O641[理学—物理化学]