2015年12月末北极地表爆发性增温事件的卫星遥感监测  

Monitoring of Arctic surface sudden warming events in late December 2015 with satellite remote sensing data

作　　者：黄富祥[1] 任素玲[1] 韩爽爽[1,2] 孙冷[3] 张艳[1] 惠雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [2]中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [3]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第36期3946-3957,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41275035);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306042);国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0502500)资助

摘　　要：北极地表天气尺度的爆发性增温事件,往往是由于强烈的大气环流或洋流将低纬度热量输送到北极造成的.2015年12月29日发生的北极地表温度达到0℃以上的爆发性增温事件,引起全球广泛关注.本文利用AIRS获得的多种遥感资料,监测弗拉姆海峡上空大气温度、水汽和臭氧的急剧变化.卫星遥感监测表明,水汽和温度从27日开始出现明显增加,29日达到峰值,然后开始回落和振荡,直到1月2日都维持在12月平均值以上;与此同时,大气臭氧则呈现相反的变化,从27日开始显著减少,29日达到极小值,然后开始回升和振荡,到1月2日才回复到12月平均值附近.水汽变化主要发生在从地表到100 hPa高度,29日水汽在400 hPa高度最大增幅达到12月平均值的6倍;温度变化主要发生在从地表到250 hPa高度,29日地表温度达到0℃以上.臭氧总量的变化速度快、幅度大,与26日相比,29日臭氧总量减少102 DU达到12月平均值1/3以上;臭氧垂直廓线变化主要发生在400~5 hPa高度,与27日相比,29日臭氧垂直廓线在此高度层内的减少量占臭氧总量减少量的80%~90%.利用National Centers for Environmental Prediction（NCEP）再分析资料,结合Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory（HYSPLIT）气团后向轨迹追踪,分析表明造成此次地表爆发性增温事件的作用机制是,北大西洋低压风暴将大量低纬度温暖、潮湿的空气快速输送到北极,导致低层温度和水汽含量的急剧增加,同时大气从低纬度向高纬度的输送,配合大气从低层向高层的垂直运动,导致对流层上部到平流层中上层臭氧分布的急剧变化,从而造成臭氧总量和垂直廓线的急剧变化.此次典型个例的卫星遥感监测表明,天气尺度的动力输送造成北极地区热量、水汽和臭氧的快速剧烈变化.The explosively sudden warming of synoptic scale at the Arctic surface is often caused by meridional transport of lower latitude warm air or the ocean warm currents into the Arctic. The explosively sudden warming event that the Arctic surface temperature reached above 0°C on 29 th December 2015 caused global concern. In the present paper, a variety of remote sensing data obtained by the AIRS（Atmospheric Infrared Sounder） flying on board NASA＇s Aqua satellite were applied to monitor the abrupt changes in the atmospheric temperature, water vapor and ozone over the Flam Strait. AIRS measurements showed that the water vapor and temperature increased significantly beginning on December 27 th, reached a peak on the 29 th, then began to fall and oscillate, remaining above the December average value until January 2nd. At the same time, the atmospheric ozone showed the opposite change, having significantly reduced beginning on the 27 th, and reached the minimum value on the 29 th, after which it began to rebound and oscillate, then returned to near the December average value until January 2nd. The water vapor mainly changed from the surface to the 100 hP a height. On December 29 th, the maximum increase of water vapor reached six times that of the December average at the 400 h Pa height, the temperature changes mainly occurring from the surface to the 250 hP a height. The surface temperature reached to above 0°C on the 29 th. The total amount of ozone changes became faster and greater. Compared to December 26 th, the total amount of ozone reduced by 102 DU, thus reaching more than 1/3 of the December average. The ozone vertical profile mainly changed at the 400–5 h Pa height. Compared to the 27 th, the reduction of the ozone vertical profile accounted for 80%–90% of the total amount at this height on December 29 th. Using NCEP reanalysis data, further combined with HYSPLIT air mass backward trajectory tracking, the analysis showed that the functionary mechanism which caused the surface explosively sudden warmi

关 键 词：北极增温放大 AIRS遥感资料 National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)分析资料 Hybrid Single Particle LAGRANGIAN Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)后向轨迹分析 

分 类 号：P407[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]