南京北郊冬季挥发性有机物来源解析及苯系物健康评估  

Source Apportionment of Volatile Organic Compounds and Health Assessment of Benzene Series in Northern Suburb of Nanjing in Winter

作　　者：张玉欣[1] 安俊琳[1] 林旭[2] 王俊秀[1] 师远哲 刘静达 ZHANG Yu-xin AN Jun-lin LIN Xu WANG Jun-xiu SHI Yuan-zhe LIU Jing-da(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310007, China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,气象灾害教育部重点实验室,气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室,气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,南京210044 [2]杭州市环境监测中心站,杭州310007

出　　处：《环境科学》2017年第1期1-12,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41305135,91544229);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB05020206);江苏省高校“青蓝工程”项目;江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：采用2015年12月GC5000在线气相色谱仪对南京北郊大气中的挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行观测,结合PMF受体模型对VOCs进行来源解析分析其主要组成与变化特征.并利用美国环保署(EPA)人体暴露分析评价方法对VOCs中的苯系物进行健康风险评估.结果表明,南京冬季大气VOCs存在6种来源,天然气泄漏为32.05%,汽车尾气为18.99%,溶剂使用为13.67%,工厂排放2为13.20%,汽油挥发11.72%,工厂排放1(化工型)为10.36%.通过风向概率分析,发现排放源贡献高值区与观测点周边污染源分布较为一致.南京北郊B/T为0.74处于较高水平.非致癌风险危害商值(HQ)在06:00达到最高值.HQ风险值均在EPA认定的安全范围内.各来源HQ最高是汽车尾气排放为20.67×10-2,其次是溶剂使用为6.97×10-2和天然气泄漏为6.34×10-2.在6种来源中对于苯的致癌风险(R)中汽车尾气排放为4.11×10-6,天然气泄漏为1.09×10-6,均高于EPA规定的安全阈值.Volatile organic compounds（ VOCs） in the atmosphere of the north suburb of Nanjing in December 2015 were determined by GC5000 online gas chromatography,and the main composition and characteristics of VOCs were analyzed by using the PMF receptor model sources of VOCs parsing. The United States Environmental Protection Agency（ EPA） human exposure analysis and evaluation method in the United States were used to evaluate Human health risk of benzene series. The results showed that there were 6 sources in the PMF mode. Natural gas leakage accounted for 32. 05%,automobile exhaust accounted for 18. 99%,solvent use 13. 67%,industrial emissions 2 13. 20%,gasoline volatile 11. 72%,and industrial emissions 1（ chemical type） 10. 36%. The high value areas of the emission source were in accordance with the location of pollution sources surrounding the observation point. The B/T ratio was 0. 74,which was at a relatively high level. The noncarcinogenic risk hazard quotient value HQ at 06： 00 reached the highest value.HQ risk values were within the safe range specified by EPA. HQ of each source was as follows： automobile exhaust emissions 20. 67 ×10-2,solvent use 6. 97 × 10-2,natural gas leakage 6. 34 × 10-2. In the carcinogenic risk of benzene,automobile exhaust emissions was 4. 11 × 10-6,and natural gas leakage was 1. 09 × 10-6,both were higher than the EPA specified safety threshold.

关 键 词：挥发性有机物 来源解析 PMF 非致癌风险危害商值 致癌风险 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]