华东地区2000—2014年间秸秆燃烧排放PM_(2.5)时空动态变化  

Temporal and spatial variations of PM_(2.5) emissions from crop straw burning in eastern China during 2000—2014

作　　者：靳全锋 马祥庆[1,2] 王文辉[1,2] 杨淑妍 郭福涛[1,2] JIN Quanfeng MA Xiangqing WANG Wenhui YANG Shuyan GUO Futao(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002 Co-innovation center for soil and water conservation in red soil region of the Cross-straits, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002 [2]福建农林大学海峡两岸水土保持协同创新中心,福州350002

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2017年第2期460-468,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31400552);福建农林大学杰出青年基金项目(No.xjq201613);福建农林大学校国际科技合作与交流资助项目(No.KXB16008A);福建省自然科学基金(No.2015J05049)~~

摘　　要：秸秆燃烧释放大量细小颗粒物(Fine Particulate Matter),对大气环境、生态系统和人类健康有重要影响.该研究基于2000—2014年中国华东地区农作物产量统计数据,估算各区域秸秆产量及室内外农作物秸秆燃烧总量.并运用排放因子法,估算15年间华东地区农作物秸秆燃烧PM_(2.5)排放总量.研究结果表明,华东地区秸秆产量及燃烧总量分别为:2033.2 Mt和32678.59 Wt,PM_(2.5)的排放总量为851.95 Wt.此外,PM_(2.5)排放在时间和空间上不均衡.卫星火点监测数据显示,农田秸秆燃烧密集区域主要分布在山东南部、安徽北部、江苏和浙江东北部及上海市大部分地区;单位网格PM_(2.5)最大的排放量多集中在山东、安徽北部、江苏中部和北部、浙江东北部和上海区域.时间序列上,山东、江苏和安徽呈显著增长趋势,上海、福建和浙江呈显著降低趋势.稻谷、小麦、玉米、豆类和油菜秸秆燃烧对污染物PM_(2.5)的贡献率分别为32.45%、30.18%、18.95%、3.77%和14.65%.农作物秸秆燃烧释放PM_(2.5)与工业粉尘的排放比变化趋势表明山东、安徽和江苏总体呈上升趋势;上海、福建和浙江总体保持平稳趋势.通过对华东地区农作物秸秆燃烧释放PM_(2.5)的时空变化研究,为更好的揭示秸秆燃烧对区域环境的影响提供数据支持.The burning of straw releases large amount of fine particulate matter and poses a significant impact on atmospheric environment,ecological system and human health. Based on crop production statistics from 2000 to 2014,total production and indoor and outdoor burning of straw in eastern China were investigated. Additionally emission factor method was adopted to estimate the total emission of PM2.5over 15 years. The study revealed that the total production and burning of straw were 2033.2 Mt and 32678.59 Wt,respectively,and total emission of PM2.5was 851.95 Wt. The results also indicated an unbalanced spatial and temporal distribution of PM2.5. The fire surveillance satellite data showed that irrigation and straw burning was intensive in south Shandong,north Anhui,northeast and north Jiangsu and Zhejiang,and most region of Shanghai. The unit grid PM2.5emission is largely concentrated in Shandong,north Anhui,central and north Jiangsu,northeast and north Zhejiang,and Shanghai area. There was a significant increasing trend in Shandong,Jiangsu and Anhui Province,and a dramatic decreasing trend over Shanghai,Fujian and Zhejiang Province. The contribution to PM2.5from straw burning of rice,wheat,corn,beans and rape were 32. 45%,30. 18%,18. 95%,3. 77%,and 14. 65%,respectively. The straw burning and industrial dust PM2.5emission ratio showed an increasing trend in Shandong,Anhui and Jiangsu province and a stable trend in Shanghai,Fujian and Zhejiang Province. By a spatial and temporal analysis,this paper provides data support to understand the influence of straw burning to regional environment.

关 键 词：华东地区 秸秆 燃烧 时空变化 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]