不同径级白皮松滞留空气中颗粒物的特征  

The properties of Pinus bungeana captured particulates from atmosphere with different diameters at breast height

作　　者：左娜[1] 王会霞[1] 杨贞[1] 钟梦婷[1] 石辉[1] 王彦辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西安710055 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第2期367-373,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家林业局公益性行业科研专项(201304301-05);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(16JK1426);西安建筑科技大学人才科技基金项目资助

摘　　要：城市园林植物是去除大气PM_(2.5)等颗粒物的有效途径之一,但目前的研究主要集中于以单叶为主的微观尺度上,对于绿化树种选择和环境效益评价具有重要意义的单株尺度研究不足。本文以北京市3个不同污染环境中的白皮松为研究对象,通过叶面尘收集、叶微结构电镜观察、叶面积测定等方法,研究了不同胸径下的白皮松在单叶尺度和单株尺度上的滞尘特征。结果表明:白皮松单位叶面积的滞纳PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和TSP的最大数量分别为0.15、0.29和0.97 g·m^(-2);胸径对单位叶面积滞留PM_(2.5)等颗粒物的影响不显著(P>0.05);不同胸径白皮松叶表面的气孔大小较一致,气孔分布密度相近,且沟状突起分布均匀,没有显著差异;胸径对植物单株滞留量影响较大(P<0.05),3个研究点的白皮松滞纳颗粒物水平较高的胸径多集中于12.7~25.5 cm;且单株植物对于PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和TSP的最大滞尘量分别为5.77、12.88和43.08 g。白皮松的胸径对其叶的微结构影响较小,但显著影响冠幅半径、叶面积指数,使得胸径对单叶尺度上单位叶面积滞尘量的影响不显著,而在单株尺度上具有显著影响。Urban vegetation is an effective way to remove the particulate matter in atmosphere. More attention of the previous studies focuses on microscale such as single leaf scale; however, the studies on single tree scale are scarce, which is key to select greening trees and evaluate their environmental benefits. Pinus bungeana trees with different diameters at breast height （DBH） at three differently polluted sites in Beijing were selected as research materials. The captured amounts of particulates were measured at the single leaf and single tree scale through collecting particulates on leaf surface, investigating the leaf surface microstructure by Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, and measuring the leaf area of each sample. For P. bungeana, the maximum amounts of PM2.5, PM10 and TSP capture per unit leaf area were 0.15, 0.29 and 0.97 g·m^-2. The DBH had no significant effects on the amount of captured particulates per unit leaf area （P〉0.05）. Among the sample trees with different DBH, the stomatal size and density on leaves were consistent, the grooveshaped projection distribution was evenness, and there were no marked differences for distribution groovelike projections. DBH had a marked impact on particulates retention on the tree scale （P〈0.05）, and the DHB with high particulate matter capture centered on 12.7-25.5 cm. The maximum amounts of PM2.5, PM10 and TSP capture were 5.77, 12.88 and 43.08 g per single tree, respectively. The DBH of P. bungeana had little effect on the microstructure of leaves, but a significant effect on crown radius and leaf area index. Thus, the DHB showed no significant effects on particulate matter retention at single leaf scale, but a significant impact on particulate matter retention on the single tree scale.

关 键 词：白皮松 滞尘量 胸径 单叶尺度 单株尺度 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S791.243[农业科学—林木遗传育种]