有机肥-无机肥不同配施比例对水稻产量和农田养分流失的影响  

Effects of different organic-inorganic fertilizer combination ratios on rice yield and nutrient loss with surface runoff

作　　者：刘红江[1] 陈虞雯 孙国峰[1] 陈留根[1] 郑建初[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014 [2]南京农业大学农学院,南京210095

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第2期405-412,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0200805);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503118-07)资助

摘　　要：采用大田小区试验,以水稻品种"武运粳29号"为供试材料,在等氮量替代条件下,设单施化肥(M1),以及25%有机肥(M2)、50%有机肥(M3)、75%有机肥(M4)、100%有机肥(M5)替代化肥等5个处理,研究不同有机-无机肥配施比例对水稻产量及农田地表径流NPK流失的影响。结果表明:M3处理水稻产量最高,主要因为其每穗粒数显著增加,同时其有效穗数相对较多;试验年度稻季农田地表径流水总量为3.6×10~3m^3·hm^(-2);从M1处理到M5处理,稻田地表径流水体总N流失量逐渐下降,M3处理较M1和M2处理显著下降;总P和K流失量逐渐增加,M3处理显著小于M4和M5处理;从M1处理到M5处理,稻田地表径流总N和K流失率逐渐下降,总P流失率逐渐增加,不同处理总N、总P、总K的平均流失率分别为4.52%、1.13%和5.68%;与M1处理相比较,M3处理在确保水稻高产的同时,减少了农田地表径流水体总N流失量和流失率,仅使总P流失量和流失率较小幅度增加,是一种适宜的有机肥替代化肥比例。A field experiment was conducted in 2015 to investigate the effects of different organicinorganic fertilizer combination ratios on nutrient loss with surface runoff and rice yield in a wheatrice double cropping system. The rice cultivar of Wuyunjing 29 was fieldgrown. Five treatments including single chemical fertilizer application （M1）, and 25% organic fertilizer （M2）, 50% organic fertilizer （M3）, 75% organic fertilizer （M4）, 100% organic fertilizer （M5） instead of chemical fertilizer with equivalent nitrogen substitution were designed. The results showed that the rice yield was the highest in M3 treatment, due to the obvious increase of spikelet number per panicle and the relative increase of effective panicles. Total surface runoff of farmland was 3.6× 10^3m^3·hm^-2 in rice season. Total N loss from surface runoff was in gradual decline from M1 to M5 treatment; compared with M1 and M2 treatment, M3 treatment significantly decreased total N loss. However, total P and K losses were in gradual increase from M1 to M5 treatment; total P or K loss of M3 treatment was significantly lower than that of M4 and M5. Total N and K loss rates of surface runoff were in gradual decline, but total P loss rate was in gradual increase from M1 to M5 treatment, with average loss rates of different treatments being 4.52%, 1.13% and 5.68% for N, P and K, respectively. Compared with M1 treatment, M3 treatment ensured high rice yield, decreased surface runoff total N loss and loss rate, and slightly increased total P loss and loss rate. Therefore, M3 treatment was an appropriate ratio of organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer.

关 键 词：有机-无机肥 配施比例 地表径流 养分流失 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]