灌浆期不同时间喷水降温对超级稻“玉香油占”产量和品质的影响  

Effect of spraying water to decrease leaf temperature at different time on the yield and quality of super rice Yuxiangyouzhan during grain filling stage

作　　者：王华[1] 杜尧东[1] 杜晓阳 唐湘如[3] 沈平[1] 黄珍珠[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省气候中心,广州510080 [2]禹州市气象局,河南禹州461670 [3]华南农业大学农学院,广州510642

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第2期413-419,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国气象局公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201406027);广东省研究生教育创新计划项目(粤教研函[2016]1号);广东省低碳发展专项(201615)资助

摘　　要：为了探寻可减轻水稻灌浆期高温伤害并能应用于生产中的技术途径,以广东省主推超级稻品种"玉香油占"为材料,于2014年、2015年在华南农业大学农场进行田间试验,在灌浆期设置3个不同时段的喷水处理(S1为11:00—12:00,S2为13:00—14:00,S3为15:00—16:00),以不喷水、湿润水层0~1 cm的稻田为对照(CK),研究了灌浆期不同时间喷水对玉香油占产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,3个喷水处理均能改善稻田小气候温湿度,其中S3降温增湿效果最好;喷水降温显著提高了产量及其构成因素中的穗粒数和千粒重(P<0.05),其中S1处理产量和穗粒数最高,S2处理结实率增加最多;有效改善了稻米品质,其中垩白率显著降低(P<0.05)、垩白度有所降低;显著提高了灌浆速率(P<0.05),促进有机物质的积累,增加了千粒重;灌浆期不同时间喷水降温,使过氧化物酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),抗逆性增强,协同提高了玉香油占的产量和品质。The paper aims to explore a technical approach, which can be used in agricultural production to reduce the damage of high temperature during rice grain filling stage. Taking Yuxiangyouzhan, the middle late maturity type super conventional Indica Rice, as the experimental material, a field experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of South China Agricultural University in 2014 and 2015. During the grain filling stage, the effects of three spraying schemes （S1： 11：00-12：00; S2： 13：00-14：00; S3： 15：00-16：00） on the yield and quality of Yuxiangyouzhan were compared. The results showed that, compared with the control, the three treatments all improved the paddy field microclimate （temperature and humidity）, and S3 was the best scheme to decrease leaf temperature and increase humidity. Grain number per spike and 1000grain weight were significantly increased （P〈0.05） due to decrease in leaf temperature by spraying water. S1 treatment resulted in the highest yield and number of grains per spike, and S2 treatment resulted in the highest seed setting rate. The grain character was improved, the chalkiness rate was significantly lower than CK （P〈0.05）, and the chalkiness degree was slightly lower than that of CK. The rice filling rate was significantly enhanced （P〈0.05）, the organic matter accumulation was improved, and the 1000grain weight was increased. What’s more, decreased leaf temperature due to spraying water at different time significantly increased the peroxidase activity （P〈0.05）, thus enhancing resistance, rice yield and quality of Yuxiangyouzhan.

关 键 词：喷水 灌浆期 水稻 产量 品质 生理 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]