黑土区免耕秸秆不同覆盖频率下大型土壤动物群落结构特征  

Effect of stover mulching frequency on the community structure of soil macrofauna in notill systems in the black soil region of Northeast China

作　　者：蒋云峰[1] 马南[1] 张爽[1] 陈智文[1] 解宏图[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学生态环境研究所,吉林四平136000 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第2期452-459,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401283);吉林省重点科技成果转化项目(20140307034NY);吉林省科技厅发展计划项目(20160520080JH);吉林省教育厅"十三五"科学技术研究项目(吉教科合字[2016]第224号)资助

摘　　要：为探讨免耕玉米秸秆不同覆盖频率下大型土壤动物群落组成、结构和季节变化,于2015年4、7和10月,在中国科学院吉林省梨树县保护性耕作试验基地,对免耕玉米秸秆不同覆盖频率各样地进行大型土壤动物群落调查。结果获得大型土壤动物26类,隶属2门5纲13目,线蚓为优势类群,不同类群在各处理样地所占数量比例存在差异。免耕秸秆不同覆盖频率样地大型土壤动物个体密度、类群丰富度和多样性指数均高于常规耕作样地。各处理样地大型土壤动物群落个体密度的最高值均出现在10月,类群数量和多样性则以7月最高。不同土壤动物类群对免耕秸秆覆盖频率增加的响应存在差异。相对常规耕作,免耕秸秆覆盖频率的增加可显著提高腐食性类群密度。Soil macrofauna play an important role in nutrient cycling and energy flow in farmland ecosystems. To study the response of soil macrofauna communities to notillage stover mulch systems, a survey of soil macrofauna community was carried out at the Lishu site of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in April, July and October of 2015. On each sampling visit, soil macrofauna were collected by hand from five types of plot, namely notill for three years without stover mulch plot （NT0）, notill for three years with one year of stover mulch （NT1/3）, notill for three years with two years of stover mulch plot （NT2/3）, notill for three years with three years of stover mulch plot （NT3/3）, and a conventional tillage as the control. Within each plot, three subplots （25 cm×25 cm） were selected along the diagonal linetransect. Soil macrofauna were collected from three soil depths （0-5, 5-10, 10-15 cm） in each subplot. A total of 26 soil macrofauna groups belonging to 13 orders, 5 classes and 2 phyla were found during this study. The dominant macrofauna group was Enchytraeidae in the all treatment plots. The individual density, taxon richness, and diversity index of macrofauna were higher in the notillage stover mulch plots than those of conventional tillage plots. The highest individual density of soil macrofauna community was recorded in October for all study plots, whereas the highest of taxon and species diversity were recorded in July. The no tillage stover mulch system can increase the individual density for all soil macrofauna groups. Different soil macrofauna groups differed in response to the increased stover mulching frequency. Compared with conventional tillage, no tillage stover mulch could increase the individual density of saprophagous group.

关 键 词：免耕 秸秆覆盖频率 大型土壤动物 群落结构 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]