重庆城市公路两侧菜地和蔬菜中铅含量与健康风险  

Lead content and its health risks of soils and vegetables along urban roadsides in Chongqing

作　　者：刘斌[1] 王琅[1] 黄曾林 刘伟[2] 王佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400030 [2]重庆市环境监测中心,重庆401147

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第2期476-482,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(106112012CDJZR210012)资助

摘　　要：对重庆市城市公路两侧菜地土壤和蔬菜中铅的含量及其健康风险进行了研究。随机选择城市内距公路1~10 m的20块典型菜地进行采样,共采集102个土壤样品和132个蔬菜样品,对土壤和蔬菜样品中的铅含量进行测定。土壤中铅含量的范围为13.30~152.80 mg·kg^(-1),平均值为33.85 mg·kg^(-1),均低于《土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618—1995)》中的二级标准,但86.29%的样品铅含量超过重庆市土壤中铅的背景值,平均污染指数为1.33。蔬菜食用部位的铅含量为0.059~2.363 mg·kg^(-1),平均值为0.763 mg·kg^(-1)。其中,豆类、叶菜类和根茎类蔬菜食用部位铅含量的平均值分别为1.037、0.811和0.247mg·kg^(-1),总体上呈现出豆类>叶菜类>根茎类的特点。此外,蔬菜的生长周期越长,其食用部位的铅含量越高。与《食品中污染物限量标准(GB 2762—2012)》相比,重庆城市公路两侧所种蔬菜食用部位铅含量的超标检出率为96.2%,对儿童、青少年和成年人的健康风险指数分别为4.86、6.29和4.83,公路旁土壤和农作物的重金属铅污染及其健康效应问题应受到重视。Twenty plots of typical urban roadside vegetable fields 1-10 m apart from the roads in Chongqing were randomly selected as the objects of study. A total of 102 soil samples and 132 vegetable samples were collected. Lead （Pb） contents in soil and vegetable samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The content Pb in soils ranged 13.30-152.80mg·kg^-1, with an average value of 33.85 mg·kg^-1. Pb contents in all soil samples were lower than the secondary standard of Chinese Soil Environmental Quality Standard （GB 15618-1995）. But the Pb contents of 86.29% of the samples were higher than that of the soil background value in Chongqing. The average pollution index of Pb in the roadside soils was 1.33, indicating that transportation caused some contamination to the roadside vegetable soils. The Pb contents of the edible parts of the vegetables were 0.059-2.363 mg·kg^-1, with an average value of 0.763 mg·kg^-1. Among them, the average Pb contents of the edible parts of beans, leafy vegetables and root vegetables were 1.037, 0.811 and 0.247 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Therefore, the Pb contents of the different kinds of vegetables generally showed a trend of leguminous vegetables 〉 leaf vegetables 〉 root vegetables. In addition, the longer the growth cycle of vegetables, the higher the Pb content of their edible parts. Compared with the Chinese Food Pollution Limits Standard （GB 2762-2012）, the Pb contents of 96.2% of samples of the edible parts of vegetables planted on the roadside of Chongqing urban areas exceeded the national standard limit. The hazard quotients （HQs） of Pb in vegetables to children, adolescent and adults were 4.86, 6.29 and 4.83 respectively. It was concluded that the vegetables planted on the roadsides of Chongqing urban areas were seriously polluted and attention should be paid on their health risks.

关 键 词：路旁土壤 路旁蔬菜 铅污染 健康风险 交通污染 重庆 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X56