长春市小学生手卫生及口腔卫生现状调查  

Investigation on hand hygiene and oral hygiene status of primary school students in Changchun city

作　　者：侯丹丹[1] 王桂茹[1] 倪圆圆 蔡楠[2] 王新新[1] 纪天亮 王云[3] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第一医院,吉林长春130021 [2]吉林大学口腔医院,吉林长春130021 [3]吉林大学公共卫生学院,吉林长春130021

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2017年第2期350-354,共5页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：吉林省教育厅"十二五"科学技术研究项目(吉教科合字2015-第358号)

摘　　要：目的了解长春市小学生手卫生及口腔卫生知识及行为现状,为学校及防病机构开展疾病防控工作提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取长春市14个行政区域14所小学3~6年级共3 515名学生,利用课题组自行编制的问卷进行调查。结果回收有效问卷3 515份,男生1 766名,占50.2%,女生1 749名,占49.8%,平均年龄(10.24±1.271)岁。卫生知识及行为的均分仅在及格线上,且得分存在性别、年级间差异,表现为女生优于男生,低年级优于高年级。在知识方面:卫生知识完全掌握的有757名(21.5%);59.6%的学生认为牙刷使用2~3个月应更换,接受过有关洗手、刷牙方面知识的指导的学生为49.0%、45.5%。在行为方面:卫生行为完全具备的有65名(1.8%);饭前便后和外出回家都洗手、平常洗手时会搓擦指缝、每天早晚刷牙、每次刷牙时间会持续3 min、刷头向上放置牙刷、旋转移动的方式刷牙齿表面、顺缝竖刷的方式刷齿间缝隙和使用含氟牙膏的学生分别为82.1%、86.2%、72.9%、75.2%、71.6%、47.7%、57.8%和11.0%。结论小学生手卫生及口腔卫生意识较差,卫生知识及行为有待提高,手卫生及口腔卫生依然是今后小学生健康教育的重点。Objective To understand the status of knowledge and behavior of hand hygiene and oral hygiene among the students in primary schools in Changchun,provide an evidence for prevention and control of diseases in schools and medical institutions. Methods Multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 515 students of grade 3-6 from 14 primary schools in 14 administrative regions of Changchun city,a self-completed questionnaire was used to investigate these students. Results A total of 3 515 pupils were selected,including 1 766 boys（ 50. 2%） and 1 749 girls（ 49. 8%）. Their average age was（ 10. 24± 1. 271） years old. The average scores of health knowledge and behavior were just on the pass line,and there were significant differences among the students of different genders and grades,girls were better than boys,and the lower grades were better than the higher grades. Among the health knowledge,757 students（ 21. 5%） fully mastered the health knowledge,59. 6% of the students believed that the toothbrush should be replaced by 2-3 months,the students who had received the instruction of washing hands and brushing teeth accounted for 49. 0% and 45. 5% respectively. In the aspect of health behaviors,65 students（ 1. 8%） had fully healthy behaviors; the proportions of students washing before eating,after toilet and going back home,washing with finger joints,brushing teeth every morning and evening,the time of brushing more than 3 minutes,the brush head way to place the toothbrush,brushing the teeth surface and gaps,using fluoride toothpaste were 82. 1%,86. 2%,72. 9%,75. 2%,71. 6%,47. 7%,57. 8%,11. 0% respectively. Conclusion The awareness of hand hygiene and oral hygiene of primary school students is poor,the health knowledge and behavior also need to be improved,hand hygiene and oral hygiene are still the focus of health education for primary school students in the future.

关 键 词：小学生 手卫生 口腔卫生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]