句子中心语性质跨语言差异与祈使句主语隐现  

Cross-linguistic contrast in the nature of sentence head and the subject of imperatives

作　　者：司罗红[1] 徐杰[2] 王素改[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学 [2]澳门大学

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2017年第1期26-36,共11页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：王素改主持的河南省社科规划项目"祈使特征对副词的选择性研究"(2014CYY022)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：英语是一种非空主语型语言,要求句子必须有显性主语,但英语祈使句的主语位置却可以悬空。生成语法将主语的隐现与句子中心语INFL的性质挂钩,认为上述两个现象之间并无矛盾,反而从不同侧面说明了同一个道理。包括陈述句在内的各类非祈使句,其句子中心语拥有完整的功能元素,授格能量必须得到释放;而祈使句句子中心语的功能要素则由于祈使特征实例化变得不完整,不能给主语位置上的名词短语指派主格。我们提出句子主语的隐现是句子中心语的性质和格位理论共同作用的副产品,可以推导出来。汉语类语言的句子中心语只包含谓素,与时体无关,这一参数设定决定了汉语祈使句的主语可隐可现。As a non-Pro-drop language, English sentences have explicit subjects. However, the subjects of English imperative sentences are implicit. By associating the presence or absence of sentence subjects with the nature of sentence heads, theories in generative grammar hold that the apparently paradoxical phenomenon mentioned above is not contradictory in nature, but demonstrates the same truth fromdifferent perspectives. The sentence heads of all types of non-imperative sentences, such as declarative ones, contain all functional elements, which require that the case-assigning energy of the sentences be released. Meanwhile, due to the instantialization of the imperative features, the heads of imperative sentences are not intact and are not capable of assigning nominative case to the noun-phrases in the subject position. It is argued in this paper that the presence or absence of sentence subjects is the by-product of the combination of the nature of sentence heads and the effect of Case Theory, and hence can be deduced. The sentence head of Chinese-type languages, lacking Tense and Agreement features, contains only Predicate, which is a parameter that sets the subjects of Chinese imperative sentences explicit or implicit.

关 键 词：句子中心语 格位理论 祈使句 主语 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]