陕西关中持续性雾霾天气的气象条件分析  

Meteorological Conditions for Persistent Fog and Haze Process in Guanzhong Area, Shaanxi

作　　者：刘瑞芳[1] 陈小婷[1] 姚静[1] 杜川利[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省气象台,西安710014 [2]陕西省气象科学研究所,西安710015

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第1期82-88,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：陕西省气象局研究型重点业务项目"陕西雾霾精细化预报指标及客观方法研究"(2015Z-3)

摘　　要：为有效降低雾霾天气造成的灾害损失,为雾霾天气预报提供可靠依据。笔者利用高空探测、自动站观测、激光雷达等资料,对2013年12月17—25日发生在陕西关中的持续性雾霾天气进行诊断分析。结果表明:此次雾霾天气具有明显的阶段性特征,前期的高低空配置有利于污染物的急剧累积,后期中高空气流较为平直,低层有弱暖平流,地面气压场较弱,有利于雾霾天气的稳定维持;持续性轻雾或霾发生时对湿层厚度要求不高,900 h Pa以下即可,相对湿度在60%~80%之间时,有利于雾霾天气持续;地面风速小,逆温层维持,污染物主要集中在近地层200 m以下,是这次严重雾霾的主要天气特征;涡度平流和总温度平流的垂直分布呈现出有利于雾霾产生和维持的动热力结构:关中地区特殊的地形作用也是雾霾天气易发的一个重要原因。In order to effectively reduce disaster losses caused by fog and haze, and provide a reliable basis forhaze weather forecast, a durative regional fog and haze weather occurred in Shaanxi Province in December17th-25 th, 2013, was analyzed by using MICAPS data, automatic weather station data and laser radar data. Theresults showed that： the persistent fog and haze process had obvious phase characteristics. The configurationsof high and lower level were conducive for the quick accumulation of fog and haze in the early stage. In the latestage, the 500 h Pa circulation at mid-latitude was straight, and there was a weak warm advection at 925 h Pa,which were favorable for the persistent fog and haze process. Persistent fog or haze process had lowrequirement for thicker wet layer, and the thickness of wet layer under 900 h Pa and the relative humidity from60% to 80% were advantageous to the lasting of fog and haze weather. Weak surface wind, the maintaining oftemperature inversion, and the pollutants concentration in the surface below 200 m were the main weatherfeatures of this serious fog and haze process. The vertical distribution of vorticity advection and totaltemperature advection provided favorable dynamic and thermodynamic structure for the generation andmaintaining of fog and haze, the special terrain of Guanzhong Area was another important reason.

关 键 词：雾霾 逆温层 地形 平流 边界层高度 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]