甘肃中部地区水砂田玉米土壤养分丰缺指标研究  

Research on the Abundance and Deficiency Indices of Soil Nutrients for Maize in a Water Sand Land in the Middle Area of Gansu

作　　者：李云祥 王兴富 冯玉磊 胡福平 卢军帅 白斌 刘谦 

机构地区：[1]白银市平川区农业技术推广中心,甘肃平川730913

出　　处：《土壤通报》2017年第1期182-189,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家农业部测土配方施肥补贴项目资助

摘　　要：采用"3414"完全试验设计,对甘肃中部地区水砂田玉米土壤养分丰缺指标和推荐施肥指标进行了研究,因地制宜选择最优施肥方案。通过比较分析历年来土壤普查结果,得出当地水砂田玉米土壤养分的变化趋势;通过对不同肥力水平下土壤速效养分与缺素区相对产量及氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量的趋势拟合,分别导出了函数模型,划定土壤养分丰缺区间,进而演算出丰缺指标和推荐施肥指标。当地水砂田玉米土壤养分的变化趋势为:1983年以来,碱解氮、有效磷均呈逐渐提高趋势,速效钾在整个过程中则总体处于明显下降趋势。从丰缺指标可以看出:当地水砂田土壤氮素养分缺乏,磷素中度较缺,而钾素养分相对较为丰富,玉米要实现高产,既要合理增施氮、磷肥,且应根据土壤钾素丰缺状况适当补施钾肥。The abundance and deficiency indices of soil nutrients for maize and rates were investigated using ＂3414＂ complete test design in a water sand land recommended fertilizer application in the middle area of Gansu. The optimum fertilizer application rates were clarified according to local conditions. The changing trend in soil nutrient for maize growth in the water sand land was analyzed by comparing the data of the general detailed soil survey among different years. Themodels fitted between the contents of soil readily available nutrients and the relative yield in the treatments without the corresponding nutrients, and with optimum application rates of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） fertilizers under different fertility levels. The function models were educed and the interval, abundance and deficiency indices and the recommended fertilizer application rates were defined and calculated. The trend of soil nutrients in the water sand land showed in general that alkali-hydrolyzale N and available P increased gradually, while available K decreased clearly since 1983. Soil N nutrient was deficient andP nutrient was moderately deficient, however, the K nutrient was relatively abundant in the water sand land. To achieve high yield of maize it is necessary to increase nitrogen, P and K fertilizers.

关 键 词：水砂田 玉米 氮磷钾 丰缺指标 推荐施肥指标 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]