中国部分海产品重金属污染特征及健康风险评价  

Accumulation and health risks of heavy metals in the seafood from China

作　　者：程家丽[1] 马彦宁[1] 刘婷婷[1] 卓勤[1] Cheng Jiali Ma Yanning Liu Tingting Zhuo Qin(Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所卫生计生委微量元素重点实验室,北京100050

出　　处：《卫生研究》2017年第1期148-154,共7页Journal of Hygiene Research

摘　　要：目的探讨中国部分海产品重金属污染特征及潜在人体健康风险。方法检索知网、万方、维普、Elsevier Science Direct和Springer等数据库,收集2001—2015年发表的有关海产品重金属研究的文献,分析中国海产品中鱼类(1198个数据)、甲壳类(743个数据)及双壳类(2200个数据)铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)和汞(Hg)的污染特征,并采用美国环保局提出的靶器官危害系数(THQs)法评估海产品重金属污染的人体健康风险。结果 3类海产品中Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg含量呈非正态分布,不同海产品中Pb、Cd、Cr、As含量差异有统计学意义,而Hg含量差异无统计学意义。3类海产品中重金属污染整体上较轻,Pb和Cd污染较为明显,但基本属于轻污染级。部分海域的海产品也受到As的轻污染,海产品Hg含量基本属于安全范围内。甲壳类中As和Cd对儿童THQs的第95百分位数分别为1.15和1.23,双壳类中Cd对成人和儿童THQs的第95百分位数分别为1.16和2.04,表明少数甲壳类和双壳类中重金属存在潜在的人体非致癌风险;鱼类中的重金属非致癌风险可接受。结论中国海产品中重金属污染水平整体较轻,但多种重金属的联合危害应引起重视。Objective To investigate the contamination and health risks of heavy metals in the seafood from China. Methods Statistical characteristics of the concentrations of five metals,i. e.,Pb,Cd,Cr,As and Hg,in the marine fishes,shellfishes and bivalves from China offshore waters were investigated,and their health risks were assessed using the target hazard quotient model recommended by US EPA,based on the available information regarding the metal concentrations reported in published literatures. Results The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated that all the five metals in the seafood had skewed concentration distributions. In the study,several independent samples tests showed that the concentrations of Pb,Cd,Cr,As and Cd were significantly different（ P 0. 05）. No significant differences were observed for Hg levels in seafood. The levels of five metals in the marine fishes,shellfishes and bivalves from China were generally low based on the published data. The Chinese seafood was polluted by Pb and Cd obviously,but the pollutions ranged in low levels. The light pollutions of As were observed in Chinaseafood from some offshore waters. The concentrations of Hg in the Chinese seafood were generally ranged in the safe level. Health risk assessment indicated that the hazard quotients of As and Cd in shellfish were 1. 15 and 1. 23 for children,respectively,at the95 th percentile. The hazard quotients of Cd in bivalves were 1. 16 and 2. 04 for adults and children,respectively,at the 95 th percentile. The findings suggested that there were health risks from exposure to Cd and As in a few of shellfishes and bivalves. The noncarcinogenic risks of other metals in seafood were acceptable. Conclusion The metal pollutions in Chinese seafood are generally low,but the risk of multiple metals exposure in the seafood should be of concern.

关 键 词：海产品 重金属 污染特征 食品安全风险评估 

分 类 号：R155.55[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] TS207.51[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]