故宫玉粹轩壁纸成分分析与工艺研究  

The Component and Craftwork Analysis of The Wallpapers of Yucui Xuan(Pavilion) of The Forbidden City

作　　者：马越[1] 雷勇[1] 王时伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院文保科技部

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2017年第1期154-159,共6页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：本实验以玉粹轩壁纸为例,首次对清宫壁纸的结构和成分作了系统研究。玉粹轩墙壁和天花均装饰有印花壁纸。通过肉眼观察,不同时期的壁纸至少分为三层。在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下观察,发现每层壁纸上有不同种类的颜料和图案,包括绿色颜料、白色底灰和"卍"字纹。其中绿色颜料的主要成分为氯铜矿,早期的混合有滑石;底灰含有石膏、滑石和粘土矿物;构成"卍"字纹的主要材料为白云母。壁纸的纸张类型为乾隆高丽纸和麻纸。气相色谱质谱联用分析显示,壁纸绿色颜料中使用松香为胶结材料,白色底灰中的胶结材料为桐油。通过与玉粹轩通景画比对,初步确定最内层壁纸的时代不迟于1775年。本研究为清代古建筑壁纸保护修复工作提供了技术支持。A systematic research into the structure and components of the wallpapers of Yuchui Xuan(Pavilion) is presented in the thesis. Whereas the visual inspection finds that the walls and ceilings are decorated with no less than three layers of patterned papers of different periods, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy shows each layer of the papers is of unique patterns and varied pigments covering green, white colors as well as the ' 卍 ' pattern and so forth. The green pigment contains copper tridroxychloride as the basic stuff, but the earlier is mixed with talc. The white ground is composed of gypsum, talc and clay minerals, but the earlier is mixed with calcite. Muscovite is the main stuff used for painting ' 卍 'pattern. The wallpapers of Yuchui Xuan(Pavilion) are typed as a kind of white tissue paper(mainly mullbery fiber) named Qianlong Gaolizhi and ramie paper. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicates that rosin works as binding media in the green pigments as well as tung oil in the white ground papers. Compared with the scenic illusionary paintings of Yucui Xuan(Pavilion), the innermost wallpaper was produced 1775 year ago. The case study provides technical support for the protection and restoration of historical architecture of the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：玉粹轩 印花壁纸 颜料 胶粘剂 

分 类 号：TS761.6[轻工技术与工程—制浆造纸工程]