遏制专利蟑螂:美国专利诉讼费用移转规则的新发展  

Combating Patent Trolls: Fee Shifting in Patent Litigation in U. S. A

作　　者：谢光旗[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学知识产权学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2017年第1期169-179,共11页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：中南财经政法大学第九届博士后研究人员科研项目"美国遏制‘专利蟑螂’的实践与启示"

摘　　要：美国的专利蟑螂问题非常严峻。美国认为专利蟑螂对其创新与经济造成的损失远大于给发明人的回报。滥行诉讼是对专利蟑螂的主要诟病。2014年以来,美国法院适用了较宽松的费用移转标准,国会努力修改费用移转规则,一些州实施了保证金及惩罚性赔偿规则。美国实践反映其转向主、客观独立标准,严惩恶意诉讼以及努力恢复使用者与专利权人利益平衡。专利蟑螂在我国爆发的风险不断增大。但是,我国《专利法》仅赋予专利权人合理开支求偿权,对滥诉者无赔偿规定。司法实践存在依据不足、标准不一及标准过严问题。我国宜适当吸取美国经验教训,合理设置恶意诉讼的赔偿及保证金规则,防治专利蟑螂滥用诉权,促使专利运营良性发展。The problem of patent trolls is still very serious in America. The costs to American innovation and economy caused by patent trolls are much greater than the rewards to inventors. Abusing litigation is the main fault of patent trolls.After 2014,the courts applied looser standard of fee shifting. The Congress tried to amend the rule of fee shifting. And some states enforced new laws. Above practices reflect America turns to separate subjective bad faith and objective baseless to punish bad faith litigation as well as restore the balance of interests between users and patent holders. The outbreak risk of patent trolls in China keeps rising. Patent Law of China offers an award of reasonable costs to prevailing patent holder but not to prevailing defendant. The judgments of bad faith litigation in China had no legal basis,applied different standards,and applied over stringent standards. For preventing patent trolls and improving the patent operation,China may learn from America to establish reasonable fee shifting and bond provisions.

关 键 词：专利蟑螂 专利主张实体 费用移转 合理开支 恶意诉讼 

分 类 号：DF523.2[政治法律—民商法学]