氮肥对半干旱区膜下滴灌玉米叶片叶绿素荧光特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics and Yield of Maize under Mulched Drip Irrigation in Semi-arid Area

作　　者：孙扬[1,2] 吴春胜[1] 谷岩[1] SUN Yang WU Chun-sheng GU Yan(College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 Institute of Crop Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院作物所,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《玉米科学》2017年第1期133-138,146,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16;2012BAD04B02);吉林省科技厅科技发展计划项目(20130305032NY)

摘　　要：针对吉林省西部半干旱区的生态特点,研究氮素营养水平对膜下滴灌条件玉米净光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数、光合酶活性和产量的影响。结果表明,适宜的氮肥施用量可显著提高叶片光合性能,随着氮肥施用量的逐渐增加,叶片气体交换参数也逐渐升高;当氮肥超过300 kg/hm2时,各项指标开始下降。在荧光诱导动力学参数中,最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)对种植模式的改变比较敏感,膜下滴灌下各处理平均Fv/Fm均显著高于同期普通生产田对照,随着施氮量的增加Fv/Fm增加;高氮处理穗位叶Fv/Fm无显著差异。施用氮肥均增加了玉米穗位叶PEP和Ru BP羧化酶活性。在膜下滴灌模式下,玉米达到最高产量时的氮肥施用量为200 kg/hm2,与300 kg/hm2时的产量无显著差异;非膜下滴灌玉米获得最高产量时的施氮量为300 kg/hm2。The effects on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescent parameters and yield of maize under mulched drip irrigation in semi-arid area were studied. The results showed that appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve the photosynthetic properties of leaves, with the increase of nitrogen ap- plication rate, leaves gas exchange parameters also increased gradually, when nitrogen fertiliziation exceeded 300 kg/ha, the every index began to decline. In the fluorescence induction kinetic parameters, the max photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm） was more sensitive to the change of cropping patterns. The mean Fv/Fm of each treatment under mulch drip irrigation was significantly higher than that in the same field, Fv/Fm, also increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate in the two treatments with high nitrogen. There was no significant difference in Fv/Fm. In both modes, the activities of PEP and RUBP carboxylase, in the ears of maize were increased by applying nitrogen fertilizer. In the mulchined drip irrigation mode, the max production of the corn appeared at the 200 kg/ha of nitrogen application rate, and there was no significant difference in the yield of maize between 200 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha. The yield of maize under non-molchined drip irrigation was the highest of 300 kg/ha.

关 键 词：玉米 膜下滴灌 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]