缓释肥减量施用对覆膜栽培玉米生物性状、干物质积累与养分分配的影响  

Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer Reduction in Plastic Mulching on Biological Characteristics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Nutrient Content of Maize

作　　者：赵欢 张萌 秦松 肖厚军 郑常祥 祝云芳 ZHAO Huan ZHANG Meng QIN Song XIAO Hou-jun ZHENG Chang-xiang ZHU Yun-fang(Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guiyang 550006 Guizhou Institute of Upland Crops, Guiyang 550006, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省土壤肥料研究所,贵阳550006 [2]贵州省旱粮研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《玉米科学》2017年第1期139-146,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：贵州省玉米现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(GZCYTX2014-0702);贵州省农业科学院院自主创新项目(黔农科院自主创新科研专项字〔2014〕007);贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合LH字〔2014〕7706号)

摘　　要：通过大田试验研究缓释肥覆膜减量条件下的玉米生物性状、干物质分配比例、养分含量差异及其与产量的相关性分析。结果表明,与不覆膜(T2)处理相比,覆膜可使玉米的茎粗提高11.05%~19.34%,株高提高2.78%~5.39%,穗位高提高6.20%~10.28%,覆膜条件下缓释肥减量对玉米生物性状无明显影响。覆膜可以使玉米干物质积累提高25.22%~31.01%,较普通复合肥(T6)相比,施用缓释肥更有利于玉米干物质积累,且缓释肥覆膜减量15%(T4)不会影响玉米干物质积累,减量过度(T5)则会显著降低玉米干物质积累以及子粒和茎秆的氮含量。相关分析发现,玉米产量与生物性状存在显著或极显著的相关性,与不同部位养分含量也存在显著或极显著相关性。覆膜条件下施用缓释肥有利于改善玉米生物性状,提高干物质积累和养分含量,玉米茎粗、株高、穗位高与茎秆氮含量、叶片钾含量、子粒氮含量可以作为玉米产量评估的重要指标。A field experiment was conducted to study the biological characteristics, distribution ratio of dry matter, nutrient content and its correlation with the yield of maize under controlled release fertilizer reduction in plastic mulching. The results showed that, the stem diameter increased by 11.05%-19.34%, plant height by 2.78%-5.39%, ear height by 6.20%-10.28% in plastic mulching compared with T2 treatment. The reduction of slow release fertilizer had no significant effect on the biological characteristics of maize in plastic mulching. Mulching could increase dry matter accumulation by 25.22%-31.01%, and the application of controlled release fertilizer was more conducive to the dry matter accumulation. Controlled release fertilizer reduction of 15%（T4） in plastic mulching has no impact on the dry matter accumulation, but reduction over（%） will significantly decrease the dry matter accumulation, grain and stem nitrogen content of maize. The correlation analysis showed that there was significant or very significant correlation between yield and biological characters of maize; there was also significant or very significant correlation between yield and nutrient content of different parts. In summary, the application of controlled release fertilizer was conducive to improving the biological properties, dry matter accumulation and nutrient content. Biological characteristics and nutrient content of maize could be used as an important index for the evaluation of yield.

关 键 词：玉米 缓释肥 覆膜栽培 生物性状 养分含量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]