基肥、种肥施用技术对东北春玉米苗期生长及产量的影响  

Effect of Basal and Seed Fertilizers on Seedling Growth and Grain Yield in Spring Maize in Northeast China

作　　者：李前[1,2] 陈延玲[1] 陈晓超[1] 张洁[1] 米国华[1] LI Qian CHEN Yan-ling CHEN Xiao-chao ZHANG Jie MI Guo-hua(College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agricultural P.R. China, Changchun 130033, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,长春130033

出　　处：《玉米科学》2017年第1期147-152,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：农业部“948”项目“主要农作物养分高效利用的农机农艺结合先进技术引进”(2011–G18);农业部公益性行业项目“主要粮食作物一次性施肥技术研究与示范”(201303103)

摘　　要：以先玉335为供试品种,设置不同基肥、基肥与种肥分施、基肥与种肥混施以及基肥、种肥施用位置等处理方式,研究基肥、种肥施用技术对玉米早期干物质积累、根系生长及产量的影响。结果表明,在农民习惯一次性施肥条件下,FP1-5-8处理(基肥施用位置在种子侧方5 cm,下方8 cm)的产量比FP1-5-5处理(基肥施用位置在种子侧方5 cm,下方5 cm)提高8.0%,在玉米苗期具有一定的优势。4种不同基肥种类磷酸二铵(DAP)、磷酸一铵(MAP)、硝酸磷(NPF)、硫酸铵+过磷酸钙(AS+MCP)综合壮苗效果和产量效应来看,磷酸二铵(DAP)处理的干物质积累量和根系生长在苗期表现出明显优势,DAP>AS+MCP>MAP>NPF。基肥与种肥混施(B-S-Mix)处理的产量和苗期植株生长与基肥与种肥分施(B-S-Split)处理相比均有一定幅度提高,将种肥施用在种子侧方5 cm、下方5 cm的位置更为合适,且壮苗效果更明显。Xianyu335 was used as the experimental variety, different basal fertilizer, basal fertilizer and seed fertilizer silted or mix, fertilizer placement were designed to study the dry matter accumulation, root growth and yield on maize of the basal and seed fertilizer application technology. The results showed that FP 1-5-8 treatment （basal fertilizer placement was in seed side 5 cm, below 8 cm） yield was 8.0% higher than FP2-5-5 treatment（basal fertilizer placement was in seed side 5 cm, below 5 cm）, and had better growth at seeding stage; DAP treatment showed obvious advantage of dry matter accumulation and root growth at seeding stage, from effect of strong seeding and yield for four types of different basal fertilizer, DAP〉AS＋MCP〉MAP〉NPF; the yield and plant growth of B-S- mix treatment was better than that of B-S-split treatment, the more appropriate seeding fertilizer placement was in seed side 5 cm, below 5 cm, and had stronger seeding performance.

关 键 词：春玉米 基肥 种肥 产量 施用技术 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]