玉米施肥技术与施肥机械的研究现状及趋势  

Research Status and Development Trend of Corn Fertilizing Technology and Fertilizing Machine

作　　者：李坤[1] 袁文胜[1] 张文毅[1] 张礼钢[1] 祁兵[1] Li Kun Yuan Wensheng Zhang Wenyi Zhang Ligang Qi Bing(Nanjing Research Institute for Agriculture Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China)

机构地区：[1]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农机化研究》2017年第1期264-268,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(SBK201221161);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503130);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX[15]1004)

摘　　要：化学肥料在玉米生产中有重要作用:合理的施肥方式可以提高作物产量,增加农民收益;不合理的施肥方式会导致肥料利用率降低,农业生产成本增加,并且多余的化肥会污染生态环境。为理清玉米施肥技术现状及发展趋势,为玉米施肥机械化技术研究提供参考,在广泛调研和资料分析的基础上,概述了玉米施肥方式及施肥机械的研究现状。首先总结了几种玉米施肥方式的特点,然后分析了玉米施肥存在的问题,并重点分析了施肥装备核心技术、排肥技术的发展现状、施肥机械发展现状,以及存在的问题。在总结发展现状的基础上,探讨了我国玉米施肥机械化技术的发展趋势。通过以上分析,最后得出现有施肥技术落后、施肥机械缺乏,施肥机械将向智能化等方向发展的结论。Chemical fertilizers play an important role in corn production. Rational application of fertilizer can increase crop yield and peasant＇ s income. On the contrary, it results in the decrease of fertilizer utilization and the increase of ag- ricultural production cost. In addition, ecological environment will be polluted by the redundant fertilizer. In order to tidy up the research status and development trend of corn fertilizing technology and give reference for mechanized application, the current research status of corn fertilizing and mechanical fertilization is summarized on the basis of investigation and data analysis. The characteristics of corn fertilizing is summarized and some problems of corn fertilizing is analyzed. For fertilizing mechanization technology, development trend and existing problems of distributing technology and fertilization machinery is analyzed seriously. On the basis of summarizing the development of current situation, it analyzes develop- ment trend of corn mechanized fertilization technology seriously. Through the above analysis, the conclusion that laggard technology of fertilizing, lack of fertilizing machine, and fertilizing machine is developed towards intelligent direction is concluded.

关 键 词：施肥技术 施肥机械 研究现状 发展趋势 

分 类 号：S233.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]