冲积扇研究现状及沉积模拟实验——以碎屑流和辫状河共同控制的冲积扇为例  

Research Progress and Sedimentation Experiment Simulation about Alluvial Fan:A case study on alluvial fan controlled by debris flow and braided river

作　　者：印森林[1] 刘忠保[2] 陈燕辉[3] 吴小军[3] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学录井技术与工程研究院,湖北荆州434023 [2]长江大学地球科学学院,武汉430100 [3]中国石油新疆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆克拉玛依834000

出　　处：《沉积学报》2017年第1期10-23,共14页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41502126;41372116);长江大学青年基金项目(2015cqn55)~~

摘　　要：近年来,对冲积扇复杂沉积机制与沉积过程的研究受到关注,取得了较大进展。从冲积扇的分类及其沉积特点、冲积扇沉积储层构型表征方法及冲积扇沉积机制等方面对冲积扇研究现状进行了详细综述。之后,针对碎屑流与辫状河共同控制下冲积扇水道演化机制不明的情况,利用水槽沉积模拟对冲积扇过程进行了沉积实验模拟。研究表明,冲积扇具有多种分类方案,反映了冲积扇的多样性和复杂性;冲积扇表征技术主要有现代沉积、野外露头、地下密井网解剖和水槽沉积实验模拟等方法;控制冲积扇发育的异旋回因素主要有:构造差异活动、同生断层的组合样式及物源气候的变化等;自旋回因素控制下冲积扇存在多种沉积机制,其决定了冲积扇内部构型单元的分布。通过水槽沉积模拟实验研究发现,对碎屑流与辫状河共同控制下冲积扇沉积过程具有如下特点:1在扇体初始雏形形成后,水携沉积物具有向扇面低势部位堆积的趋势;2扇面辫状水道存在两种重要的迁移方式,单一主水道迁移和分叉式次水道迁移方式。单一主水道的迁移是导致扇体辐向前积增大的主要原因,而分叉式次水道迁移方式是扇体展宽的重要机制;3在构造条件相对稳定的情况下,多期扇体具有明显向源退积的特征。在前述研究基础上,探讨了下一步冲积扇的研究方向。In recent years, it has widespread attention about study of the alluvial fan complex deposition mechanism and sedimentary process. Alluvial fan correlational research has made great improvement. This paper is summarized in details about alluvial fan classification and sedimentary characteristics, alluvial fan reservoir architecture characteriza-tion , and mechanism of alluvial fan formation. Later, the experimental simulation of the a lluvial fan deposition process is carried out by using the experimental of flume sedimentation simulation. Research shows that： （1） Alluvial fan has a variety of classification schemes that reflects the diversity and complexity of alluvial fan. There are many methods to characterize alluvial fan, mainly includes modern sedimentation survey and outcrop, underground dense well pattern, and experimental of flume sedimentation simulation, and so on. Controlling a lluvial fan development allogenetic cycle factors mainly include difference activity of tectonic, styles of contemporaneous fault combination, climate and prove-nance source change etc.; There are many kinds of autogenetic cycle factors under the control of alluvial fan deposi-tional mechanism that determines the distribution of alluvial fan internal architecture unit. （ 2） Alluvial fan sedimentary process has following features. Firstly, after the initial prototype fan body formation, water laden sediments has trend to deposit on low lying position. Secondly, there are two important ways of channel migration, a single main channel migration and minor branched channel migration. A main reason of fan body to increase the length caused by a single main channel migration, while the important mechanism of the fan body width increases being minor branched channel migration. Multi-period fan body obvious retrograded overlying pattern of up-dipping towards the provenance with sta-ble tectonic conditions. Final ly, on the basis of the foregoing, the next research direction was discussed.

关 键 词：冲积扇 研究现状 水槽沉积模拟实验 储层构型 同生断层 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]