河北省两市空气污染指数变化特征  

Variation characteristics of air pollution indexes of two cities in Hebei province

作　　者：徐美[1] 王剑[1] 叶霞[1] 张翠华[1] 张文育[1] 

机构地区：[1]沧州师范学院化学与化工学院,河北沧州061001

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2016年第10期886-890,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：河北省高等学校科学技术研究青年基金(QN2015305);沧州市科技支撑计划项目(151303003);沧州市社会科学发展研究课题(2015100)

摘　　要：目的分析2009—2012年河北省秦皇岛和石家庄两市空气质量变化特征和影响因素。方法基于国家环境保护部API日报数据和中国气象科学数据共享服务网气象数据,对比分析秦皇岛和石家庄API变化特征。结果秦皇岛和石家庄以PM_(10)为主要污染因子,以其为首要污染物的天数分别占57%和79%;空气质量状况以优、良居多,分别占97%和89%。两市API年际变化不明显,而季节变化明显,均表现为冬季最高、夏季最低、春秋季居中。气象要素对空气质量有影响,两市均表现为春、夏、冬季API与温度呈正相关,在秋季呈负相关;春、秋、冬季API与相对湿度呈正相关,在夏季呈负相关;除石家庄秋季API与气压呈正相关外,在其他季节呈负相关;秦皇岛四季API与风速呈负相关,石家庄在春、夏季呈正相关,秋、冬季呈负相关。气流轨迹对空气质量有影响,表现为秦皇岛春季西北偏北和东北偏北、夏季东北、秋冬季西北偏北气团的对应API较低,冬季西北-西南气团的对应API最高;石家庄春、夏季东南偏南和西北偏西、秋季西北偏西、冬季西北-西南及西北偏西、西北气团的对应API最高。结论 2009—2012年秦皇岛和石家庄两市空气质量基本稳定,控制PM_(10)是改善两城市空气质量的主要环节,还应关注气团的影响。Objective To understand the variation characteristics and the influencing factors of air quality of Qinhuangdao and Shijiazhuang in Hebei province from 2009 to 2012. Methods Based on the air pollution index（API） from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People＇s Republic of China and meteorological data from China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System, the variation characteristics of API were compared and analyzed. Results PM_（10） was the principal pollutant for the days accounted for 57% of the total days monitored in Qinhuangdao and 79% in Shijiazhuang. The percentage of excellent and good days accounted for 97% in Qinhuangdao and 89% in Shijiazhuang. The interannual variations were not obvious, but API showed significant seasonal variations with the highest value in winter and the lowest value in summer in two cities. The API in spring, summer and winter were positively correlated with temperature and the API in autumn was negatively correlated with temperature. The API in spring, autumn and winter were positively correlated to relative humidity and the API in summer was negatively correlated to relative humidity. Seasonal API was negatively associated with air pressure except positive relation in Shijiazhuang in autumn. Seasonal API was negatively correlated with wind speed in Qinhuangdao; While the API in spring and summer were positively correlated with wind speed and the API in autumn and winter were negatively correlated with wind speed. The API of north-northwest and north-northeast air masses in spring, northeast air mass in summer and north-northwest masses in autumn and winter in Qinhuangdao were lower than those in other air masses; While the API of northwest-southwest air mass in winter was higher compared with other air masses. The air masses of south-southeast and west-northwest in spring and summer, west-northwest air mass in autumn and northwest-southwest, west-northwest and northwest air masses in winter could lead to higher API values in Shijiazhuang than that in Qin

关 键 词：空气污染指数 变化特征 河北省 首要污染物 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]