传播学视域下《格萨尔》史诗的传播与保护  

To spread and Protect The Epic King Gesar From The Perspective of Communication

作　　者：刘新利[1] Liu Xinli(Journalism Communication College,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang Shananxi 712000, China)

机构地区：[1]西藏民族大学新闻传播学院,陕西咸阳712082

出　　处：《西藏研究》2016年第6期93-99,共7页Tibetan Studies

基　　金：2011年国家社会科学基金西部项目"大众传媒与西藏传统文化的保护与发展研究"(项目批准号:11XXW009)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在《格萨尔》史诗的发展历程中,传播形态经过两次大的变迁,第一次是由群体传播向个体传播转变,出现了半职业化的说唱艺人,佛教开始植入;第二次是由个体传播向大众传播转变,《格萨尔》史诗传播方式多元化,出现了职业化的说唱艺人。传播方式多元化增强了受众对史诗的认知和文化自觉,但是对口头传播形成一定的冲击,导致其边缘化。在当下的传播语境中,传播者身份的改变,受传者的改变,传播语境的改变以及史诗说唱语言的地域性都是导致《格萨尔》史诗日趋消亡的重要因素。那么如何使这部史诗能够以活态的方式长久地保存?首先应当形成以口头传播为主的多种传播方式的大联合,但一定要保障口头传播的主体地位;建立史诗传习基地,回归群体传播传统;增强传播者和受传者的民族文化认同;去商业化,从传承和保护的角度讲,《格萨尔》史诗不适合进行商业性的开发。Communicative pattern of the epic King Gesar has gone through two major modification peri-ods. In the first period,group communication of with the arising of semi- professional folk artists period,mass media communication of King Gesar the arising of professional folk artists. Though the King Gesar has converted to individual communication and the imbedding of Buddhism. And in the second has taken the major place by diversified modes with culture consciousness and cognition have been enforced by diversified communicative modes,the word- of-mouth was marginalized and impacted to a certain de-gree. And in the current comm are the changes spreaders＇ unicating environment, the status, the audiences, the of the folk language. Then how to inherit this epic major reasons of epic king Gesar＇s extinction communication contexts and language regionalism the lively means？ In my opinion, firstly,subject position of word- of- mouth should be ensured with combination of various communicating modes. Secondly,a reversion to traditional group communication can be realized by establishing bases to learn and pass on the epic. Thirdly, the national cultural identity of both audiences and spreaders should be strengthened; Finally,keep away from the commercialization for commercial development. Because it doesn＇ t fit for the epic of King Gesar from perspectives of cultural inheritance and protection.

关 键 词：《格萨尔》史诗 传播学 传承 保护 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]