碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的合成及其性能研究  

Study on synthesis & properties of carbon fiber/polyimide composites

作　　者：杨高峰[1] Yang Gaofeng(Shaanxi Jintai Chlor Alkali Chemical Co., LTD., Yulin 718199, Shaanxi, China)

机构地区：[1]陕西金泰氯碱化工有限公司,陕西榆林718199

出　　处：《橡塑技术与装备》2017年第2期8-13,共6页China Rubber/Plastics Technology and Equipment

摘　　要：以均苯四羧酸二元酐-4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(PMDA-ODA)型聚酰亚胺为研究对象,加入不同含量和不同长径比的表面处理之后的碳纤维(CF),采用直接法制备聚酰亚胺/碳纤维(PI/CF)复合薄膜。热酰亚胺化时采用的升温工艺条件:以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升至300℃,恒温30 min。通过各种表征手段,对比讨论碳纤维添加量和长径比对复合薄膜的影响。对制备的PI/CF复合薄膜进行偏光、红外、XRD、拉伸测试。实验结果表明:碳纤维的加入可以诱导聚酰亚胺分子结晶;聚酰亚胺薄膜的聚集态结构和性能受碳纤维的添加量,长径比等的影响。随着碳纤维含量的增加复合薄膜的力学性能先随之增强后又减弱。因此,碳纤维含量过多或过少都不利于增强复合薄膜的力学性能及复合薄膜规整结晶结构的形成。碳纤维长径比越大有助于复合薄膜的力学性能的提高;当添加量为3%时所制备的复合薄膜的聚集态结构较为规整,结晶程度较高,拉伸性强度为96.37 MPa,弹性模量为1 949.97 MPa,断裂伸长率为5.914%。Take benzenetetracarboxylic anhydride -4, 4 ＇-diaminodiphenyl ether（PMDA-ODA） polyimide as the research object, Polyimide / carbon fiber （PI/CF） composite films are directly prepared by adding carbon fiber （CF） with different content and aspect ratio after surface treatment. Heating process conditions for thermal imidization： the temperature rises from room temperature to 300℃ at a heating rate of 5℃/min, and with constant temperature for 30 min. By means of various characterization methods, the effects of carbon fiber addition and aspect ratio on the composite films are compared and discussed. The prepared PI/CF composite films are tested by polarized light, infrared ray, XRD and stretching. Experimental results show that： The addition of carbon fiber can induce the crystallization of polyimide molecules; the aggregation structure and properties of polyimide films are affected by the amount and the aspect ratio of carbon fiber. With the increase of carbon fiber content, the mechanical properties of the composite films are firstly increased and then decreased. Therefore, too much or too little carbon fiber is not conducive to enhance the mechanical properties of composite films and the formation of complex crystalline structure. The greater the aspect ratio of carbon fiber is, the more helpful it is to improve the mechanical properties of the composite films; when the adding amount is 3%, the structure of the prepared composite films is regular, the crystallinity is high, the tensile strength is 96.37 MPa, the elastic modulus is 1949.97 MPa, and the elongation at break is 5.914%.

关 键 词：聚酰亚胺 碳纤维 分子结晶 聚集态结构 结晶程度 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ323.7[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]