机械化种植方式对不同品种水稻株型及抗倒伏能力的影响  

Effect of mechanized planting methods on plant type and lodging resistance of different rice varieties

作　　者：邢志鹏 吴培 朱明 钱海军 曹伟伟 胡雅杰 郭保卫 魏海燕 许轲 戴其根 霍中洋 张洪程 Xing Zhipeng Wu Pei Zhu Ming Qian Haijun Cao Weiwei Hu Yajie Guo Baowei Wei Haiyan Xu Ke Dai Qigen Huo Zhongyang Zhang Hongcheng(Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in the Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Chin)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点,扬州225009

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第1期52-62,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B03);江苏省农业科技创新自主项目(CX[15]1002);江苏省农业三新工程(SXGC[2015]325);江苏省科技支撑项目(BE2015340);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYLX15_1369);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

摘　　要：为探明机械化种植方式对不同品种水稻株型及抗倒伏能力的影响,试验选用籼粳交水稻(甬优2640和甬优1640)、常规粳稻(南粳9108和武运粳27)和杂交籼稻(新两优6380和II优084)共6个水稻品种为材料,系统研究高产栽培模式下钵苗机插、毯苗机插和机械直播方式对水稻叶形、叶姿、穗型、秆型及植株抗倒性能的影响,初步研明不同机械化种植方式下水稻株型特征与抗倒伏能力及差异。结果表明,钵苗机插水稻产量最高,毯苗机插水稻产量其次,机械直播水稻产量最低,差异显著(P<0.05)。与毯苗机插和机械直播相比,钵苗机插使水稻上三叶叶长增长,比叶重增大,叶基角和披垂度减小,使水稻群体高效叶叶面积增加,剑叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率协同增加,穗型变大,粒叶比提高,并且使水稻株高增高,秆长增长,穗下节间增长(P<0.05)。水稻基部1~3节间于钵苗机插方式下,较毯苗机插和机械直播,长度缩短、茎秆变粗、茎壁增厚、节间干质量增加、充实度变好、抗折力和弯曲力矩增大、倒伏指数降低(P<0.05)。因此,长江下游稻麦两熟地区,钵苗机插能改善水稻株型,优化水稻群体结构,提升水稻抗倒性能,是实现水稻丰产、高产且低倒伏风险的较优机械化种植方式。Improved plant type and lodging resistance are crucial for rice to cope with extreme weather and realize stable-high grain yield. Mechanization, which could be beneficial to promote high yield and high efficiency of grain production, is the developing orientation of rice cultivation. Mechanized planting is the key project for the rice production through mechanization and has obvious effects on rice growth and yield. Thus understanding the differences in plant type and lodging resistance of rice plants among different mechanized planting methods under high-yield cultivation mode is of great importance to reduce the risk of rice lodging, as well as realize high grain yield under mechanical conditions in a rice-wheat rotation system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The experiment systematically studied the effect of pothole seedling mechanical transplanting（PT）, carpet seedling mechanical transplanting（CT）, and mechanical direct seeding（DS） on leaf shape, leaf posture, panicle traits, stalk feature, and lodging resistance of 6 rice cultivars, which were japonica-indica hybrid rice（Yongyou 2640 and Yongyou 1640）, japonica conventional rice（Nanjing 9108 and Wuyunjing 27）, and indica hybrid rice（Xinliangyou 6380 and IIyou 084）, aiming to investigate the response of plant type and lodging resistance of different types of rice to mechanized planting methods in 2014–2015. Results showed that the grain yield was the largest under the PT and the smallest under the DS（P〈0.05）. Compared to DS, the PT mode increased the grain yield by 14.2%-25.6%, and the CT mode raised the grain yield by 10.5%-16.3%. Differences in leaf shape and leaf posture of rice were observed among planting methods, and the top three leaves of rice plants under the PT had longer leaf length, bigger specific leaf weight, and smaller leaf basic angle and drooping angle than those under the CT and the DS（P〈0.05）. Compared to CT and DS, the LAI（leaf area index）, ratio of leaf area from flag leaf to

关 键 词：农业机械 种植 农艺 水稻 机械化种植方式 株型 抗倒伏 茎秆物理性状 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]