添加生物炭的水芹湿地对农村低污染水的净化研究  

Rural low-pollution wastewater purification in Oenanthe Javanica wetland with biochar addition

作　　者：段婧婧[1] 薛利红[1] 尹爱经[1] 冯彦房[1] 杨林章[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014 [2]江苏滩涂生物农业协同创新中心,江苏盐城224002

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2017年第2期353-361,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41501324;41401345);江苏省农业科技自主创新课题(CX(15)1004);农业部行业科研专项(201503106)~~

摘　　要：为研究生物炭对湿地处理污水的效果,以种植水芹的湿地系统为对象,通过盆栽试验研究了添加1%和5%煅烧温度为500℃和700℃的两种生物炭对低污染水的净化作用及其对水芹生长的影响。结果表明:加入1%煅烧温度为700℃和500℃生物炭的水芹盆中,系统表面水TN浓度均值在4.05~4.18 mg·L^(-1),低于不加生物炭对照组。煅烧温度为500℃,添加量为1%的生物炭处理组的氨挥发损失总量为96.07 kg·hm^(-2),显著提高;而煅烧温度为700℃,添加量为1%的处理组的氨挥发损失总量(43.02 kg·hm^(-2))与对照相当,其植株地上部分生物量和养分累积量较大,且该种生物炭对土壤养分有一定的固持作用,具有较好的正面效应。通过生物炭和水芹湿地系统的耦合,筛选出了较优的生物炭类型,其在净化污水的同时降低了对环境的负面影响,有效利用了污水中的氮、磷等养分资源,从而为设计农村低污染水的生态修复工程提供了基础数据和技术支撑。The pot cultivation experiment was conducted to study the purification performance for low-pollution wastewater and the impact on the plant growth in O. javanica wetland system coupling biochar addition. The treatment groups were designed as 1% or 5% addition amount of biochar calcined at 500 ℃ or 700 ℃（500 ℃-1%, 500 ℃-5%, 700 ℃-1% and 700 ℃-5%, respectively）, while control groups were set without biochar addition. Each treatment had three replicates. The results showed that the average total nitrogen（TN）concentration of the surface water in treatments of 500 ℃-1% and 700 ℃-1% were 4.05～4.18 mg·L（-1）, lower than that of the control; however, the amount of ammonia volatilization loss was 96.07 kg·hm（-2）in 500 ℃-1% treatment, which was significantly higher than other treatments. The amount of ammonia volatilization was relatively low in 700 ℃-1% treatment（43.02 kg·hm（-2））, and the plant aboveground biomass and nutrient accumulation were higher than other treatments. Biochar with calcination temperature 700 ℃ and 1% addition amount can also immobilize the soil nutrient to a certain extent. The wetland plant system with appropriate biochar addition seems to be a good measure in the purification of wastewater while reducing negative impacts on the environment and utilizing the nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrient efficiently.

关 键 词：生物炭 低污染水 水芹 氨挥发 渗漏 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]