长江干流宜昌段浮游植物群落结构初步研究  

Preliminary research on phytoplankton community in Yichang reach of Yangtze River

作　　者：张馨月 钱宝 樊云 彭春兰 ZHANG Xinyue QIAN Bao FAN Yun PENG Chunlan(Three Gorges Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Yichang 443000, China Hydrology Bureau, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会长江三峡水文水资源勘测局,湖北宜昌443000 [2]长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2017年第3期28-32,47,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"全球变化及应对"重点专项(2016YFA0600901);长江科学院开放研究基金资助项目(CKWV2015237/KY)

摘　　要：为探索长江干流宜昌断面浮游植物群落结构分布状况和生物多样性特征及其与水文要素等环境因子的关系,2015年对长江干流宜昌段浮游植物群落结构进行了月度监测。结果共鉴定出浮游植物8门41属,其中蓝藻门7属,隐藻门1属、甲藻门2属,金藻门、黄藻门各1属,硅藻门14属,裸藻门2属,绿藻门13属。春季优势种为绿藻,夏季为蓝藻和硅藻,秋季为硅藻,冬季为绿藻和硅藻。Shannon-Weaver多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数显示宜昌断面主要为中污染和轻污染状态,该结果与水体综合营养状态评价结果基本一致。通过环境因子间的相关关系分析可知,在三峡水库调度影响下,水动力学条件的变化成为影响现阶段宜昌段浮游植物群落结构特征与水质的主要因素。In order to explore the community structure and biodiversity characteristics of phytoplankton in Yichang reach of Yangtze River and its relationship with environmental factors, we monthly monitored the phytoplankton community in Yichang reach of Yangtze River in 2015. The results identified phytoplankton of 41 genera in 8 phyla in the reach, of which 7 genera of Cyanophyta, 1 genus of Cryptophyta , 2 genera of Pyrrophyta, 1 genus of Chrysophyta, 1 genus of Xanthopyta, 14 genera of Ba- cillariophyta, 2 genera of Euglenopyta, 13 genera of Chlorophyta. Chlorophyta in spring, Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta in sum- mer, Bacillariophyta in autumn, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta in winter were the dominant algae species. The Shannon - Weaver diversity indexes and Pielou evenness indexes showed that Yichang reach were moderately and lightly polluted. The re- suits were basically consistent with the results of the comprehensively evaluated nutrition status of the water body. The correlation analysis between environmental factors showed that, under the influence of the Three Gorges reservoir operation, the change of hydrodynamic condition is the main influential factors to the community structure of phytoplankton and water quality in Yichang reach.

关 键 词：浮游植物 细胞密度 多样性 综合营养状态 水动力学条件 长江干流 宜昌 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]