生育期水分调控对河西地区滴灌春小麦生长和水分利用的影响  

Effects of soil water regulation in growing period on spring wheat growth and water use in Hexi areas under drip irrigation

作　　者：张雨新[1,2] 张富仓[1,2] 邹海洋[1,2] 陈东峰[1,2] ZHANG Yu-xin ZHANG Fu-cang ZOU Hai-yang CHEN Dong-feng(Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A ＆ F University, Yangling , Shannxi 712100, China Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年第1期171-177,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家"十二五"863计划项目(2011AA100504);农业部公益性行业科研专项(201503124);教育部高等学校创新引智计划项目(B12007)

摘　　要：为探索干旱地区有利于春小麦生长和提高产量的大田滴灌灌水模式,以春小麦永良4号为试验材料,在不同生育期(苗期~分蘖,拔节~孕穗,抽穗~开花,灌浆~成熟)设置5个土壤水分下限W1(55%、60%、55%、50%),W2(60%、65%、60%、55%),W3(65%、70%、65%、60%),W4(70%、75%、70%、65%)和充分灌溉(CK)(75%、80%、75%、70%),研究了不同生育期土壤水分调控对河西地区滴灌春小麦生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:一定施肥水平下,随着土壤水分下限的提高,各处理株高、叶面积指数均不断增大,在成熟期充分灌溉(CK)处理分别比W4处理高2.19%和7.93%;不同水分下限处理条件下,春小麦干物质的总积累量和成熟期干物质向籽粒的分配量均为W4处理最大,比CK分别显著高5.63%和17.14%;各处理春小麦产量和水分利用效率随着土壤水分下限的增加均呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,其中W4处理的水分利用效率比W3处理降低2.82%,但其产量分别比W3、CK处理增加7.53%和4.07%。从节水增产的角度考虑,W4处理可作为基于本试验条件下较适宜的水分处理。In order to explore the drip irrigation mode to improve the growth and yield of spring wheat in Arid Areas,field plot experiments were carried out with the spring wheat species of Yongliang 4. Five lower soil water limits（ i.e. W1（ 55% 、60% 、55% 、50%）,W2（ 60% 、65% 、60% 、55%）,W3（ 65% 、70% 、65% 、60%）,W4（ 70% 、75% 、70% 、65%） and sufficient irrigation（ CK）（ 75% 、80% 、75% 、70%）） were applied at different growing stages（ emergence -tillering,jointing - booting,heading - anthesis,filling - maturity） to study the effects of soil water regulation on spring wheat growth,yield and water use efficiency in Hexi areas. The results showed that at the same fertilizer level,the increase in lower soil water limits increased the plant height and LAI of spring wheat. Compared with the W4 treatments,the plant height and LAI of the sufficient irrigation treatment（ CK） increased by 2. 19% and 7. 93%. However,compared with sufficient irrigation treatment（ CK）,total dry matter accumulation and its distribution amount to grain of W4 treatment had significantly increased respectively by 5. 63% and 17. 14%. With the increase in lower soil water limits,the field and water use efficiency（ WUE） in all treatments increased first and then decreased. Compared with W3 treatments,the water use efficiency（ WUE） of W4 treatment was reduced by 2. 82%. However,the treatment W4 showed the highest field,which was increased by 7. 53% and 4. 07%,compared with that of the W3 and CK treatments. In summa-ry,the appropriate soil water regulation at growing stages is beneficial to the growth and high yield of spring wheat.Comprehensively considering the water saving and high field,the treatment W4 is selected as the optimal water treatment under the present experimental conditions.

关 键 词：滴灌 春小麦 土壤水分 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512.12[农业科学—农业工程]