基于GIS的农业土壤重金属风险评价研究——以南京市八卦洲为例  

GIS-Based Heavy Metals Risk Assessment of Agricultural Soils——A Case Study of Baguazhou,Nanjing

作　　者：宋金茜 朱权[1] 姜小三[1] 赵海燕[1] 梁永红 罗永霞[1] 王强[1] 赵林丽 SONG Jinxi ZHU Quan JIANG Xiaosan ZHAO Haiyan LIANG Yonghong LUO Yongxia WANG Qiang ZHAO Linli(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Jiangsu Station of Farmland Quality and Agricultural Environment Protection, Nanjing 210036, China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站,南京210036

出　　处：《土壤学报》2017年第1期81-91,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-009);江苏省农产品产地安全智慧管控系统项目(JSZC-G2015-039)共同资助~~

摘　　要：农产品产地环境安全受到广泛关注,合理评价农产品产地土壤重金属的风险状况,具有现实和长远意义。以南京市八卦洲农业土壤为例,选取对人体危害较大的As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb五种重金属元素,对表层土壤进行采样分析,分别采用传统标准方法、农业部发布的《全国农产品产地土壤重金属安全评估技术规定》(产地评估标准方法)和改进地累积综合指数法对该地区农业土壤重金属风险状况进行评价,运用GIS地统计学方法分析重金属风险等级的分布特征。结果表明:5种重金属元素的平均含量分别为11.0、0.38、92.1、0.08和34.5 mg kg-1,除元素Hg以外,均超过南京市土壤环境背景值。产地评估标准方法表明八卦洲超过80%的耕地无重金属风险,风险区零散分布在八卦洲西南部、南部以及东部地区,Cd和Pb是造成低风险的主要元素;传统标准方法仅显示了Cd元素的超标特征;地累积指数法表明Cd、Cr、Pb三种元素受人为活动影响较大,改进地累积综合指数法表明研究区总体生态状况良好。传统标准方法与产地评估标准方法能共同识别无风险的区域,而产地评估标准方法能更好地评价和划分农业土壤重金属风险区域,建议与改进地累积综合指数法结合使用,共同评估该地区农业土壤重金属风险水平、空间分布以及生态风险特征。【Objective】Safety of agricultural producing areas has become an extensive concern. Heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils not only brings about adverse effects on the soil ecosystem, but also is closely related to food safety and potential health hazard. How to assessment the risk of heavy metals pollution of agricultural soils is of some practical and far-reaching significance. Therefore, it is a very urgent task to investigate the status of heavy metals in agricultural soils and assess the risk with a variety of assessment methods. The findings in this study may help decision-makers select appropriate assessment methods for rational assessment and zoning of the agricultural producing area and remedy contaminated soils scientifically.【Method】Taking the agricultural soil in Baguazhou Town of Nanjing as an example, this study focused on the five heavy metal elements, i.e. As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb, that are relatively more harmful than the others to the human body and analyzed the soil samples collected from the surface soil layer （0~20cm） in 2015. In October 2015, the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture promulgated the “National technical regulations for safety assessment of heavy metals in agricultural producing areas” （Standard Methods for Producing Areas）, which has modified the criteria of some relevant elements and specified the use of a new method called the maximum single factor index method for assessing integrated risk of heavy metals in agricultural soils. It is necessary to adopt the specific standard and method to do the assessment. The study used the Traditional Standard Method （T-SM） and the Standard Method for Producing Areas （PA-SM） to assess the risk of heavy metals in the study area and compared the two methods for differences. Furthermore, an Improved Geo-accumulation Comprehensive Index Method （IG-M） was created to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals in the study area. With the aid of GIS geostatistics, spatial distribution of different heavy metals risk lev

关 键 词：农业土壤 重金属 风险评价 GIS 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]