秸秆生物炭输入对冻融期棕壤磷有效性的影响  

Effect of Straw Biochar on Availability of Phosphorus in Brown Soil during the Freezing and Thawing Period

作　　者：周丽丽[1] 李婧楠[1] 米彩红[1] 范昊明[1] 马世伟 邵婧宇 ZHOU Lili LI Jingnan MI Caihong FAN Haoming MA Shiwei SHAO Jingyu(College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《土壤学报》2017年第1期171-179,共9页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41471225);辽宁省农业领域青年科技创新人才培养计划(2014054);辽宁省高等学校优秀人才支持计划(LJQ2013074)共同资助~~

摘　　要：冻融交替是东北地区土壤常见的温度变化现象。通过室内模拟冻融循环方法,分析秸秆生物炭输入对冻融期东北地区棕壤有效磷影响规律及机理,探讨生物炭还田对东北春季作物生长初期土壤养分供应状况的影响。结果表明:(1)除在0~5次冻融循环中冻融次数对有效磷含量无显著影响外,冻融循环次数、生物炭施加量以及二者交互作用对土壤有效磷含量在各冻融阶段(0~5次、5~30次、0~30次)均有极显著影响。(2)培养结束后施加生物炭量2%、4%和6%处理,有效磷含量随生物炭施入量增大而依次增加,且均明显高于对照处理20%以上。各处理在第5次冻融左右达到峰值,有效磷含量增加幅度随生物炭施加量增加而减小。在第20次冻融循环后各处理有效磷含量达到相对谷值,此时施加生物炭处理有效磷含量较未冻融时有明显降低。说明,生物炭在常温培养时可以增加土壤有效磷含量,但是,在冻融过程中,相对于对照处理可以较好固持土壤磷素,减小磷素随融雪过程流失的风险。(3)通过分析生物炭输入后棕壤pH、电导率、有机质和中性磷酸酶活性等生物化学性质对冻融循环过程响应,以及不同冻融循环阶段与土壤有效磷相关分析,发现有机质含量在冻融循环过程中变化显著且与有效磷含量具有显著相关性。生物炭通过增强团聚体稳定性,减少有机质释放来固持土壤磷素。【Objective】Straw biochar is a kind of carbon-rich material prepared through pyrolysis under high temperature in anoxic condition. Its application may directly or indirectly affect availability of soil phosphorus in the soil through altering soil physicochemical properties or soil environment during the crop-growing season. Freezing and thawing alternation is a common climate phenomenon in Northeast China. Frequent occurrence of such a phenomenon in the spring causes changes in soil properties like soil structure, thus leading to drastic variation of soil available phosphorus content. However, so far little has been reported about the effect and mechanism of biochar affecting availability of soil phosphorus during the freeze-thaw season. In this study, an indoor simulation experiment was conducted to explore rule and mechanism of biochar affecting availability of soil phosphorus in the brown earth of Northeast China during the freeze-thaw cycle and its impact on soil nutrient suppling capacity during the early crop growing season in the region. The findings in this study may have some significance to guiding the theoretic study on use of biochar practice of and theoretic study of use of biochar in Northeast China. 【Method】Soil samples were collected from a maize field in the Comprehensive Field Experiment Base of the College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, after the harvest in 2015, and then air-dried and sifted for future use. Biochar was prepared out of maize stalk and ground to pass a 1mm sieve. Then the biochar was blended with air-dried soil samples at a rate of 0% （0﹕100）, 2%, 4% and 6%, separately. The mixtures were them packed, separately, into 20 cm×20 cm×15 cm plexiglass boxes, 2.5 g each, constituting four treatments and three replicates each. All the samples in the boxes were incubated under room temperature for 60 days. During the incubation, the samples were kept wet with soil moisture content being 50﹪ of the soil water holding capacity by adding distilled w

关 键 词：生物炭 冻融作用 棕壤 有效磷 有机质 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]