《汉书》“采诗”叙述的生成与双重语境下的意义暗示  

A Study on the Narrative of Collecting Poems in Hanshu and Its Implied Meanings in the Double Context

作　　者：王志清[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学人文学院,陕西西安710126

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第1期151-158,共8页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"齐梁乐府诗音乐与文学关系研究"(09CZW023);项目负责人:王志清

摘　　要："采诗"叙述正式出现于《汉书》中。《汉书》"采诗"作为一个汇聚型话语,存在着古史依据和文献来源。其关键性表述为"振铎徇路"与"观风俗"之说,融入、改造了先秦和汉代文献中古之天子听政制度和巡守制度的相关信息,以及《孔子诗论》和《史记·乐书》中的《诗》学观点。《汉书》"采诗"叙述存在历史和现实的双重语境,在对汉武帝时代乐府采集音乐和歌曲行为的描述中借用了"采诗"话语,其深层目的在于委婉批评乐府采诗已背离古之采诗裨补王政的功能意义。从话语溯源和话语分析的角度,可清晰呈现"采诗"的"生产"过程,认识《汉书》"采诗"叙述的复杂性和文化价值。自中唐元、白将"采诗"话语吸纳进新乐府理论后,其诗学价值和意义得以突显,在唐以后成为经久不衰的诗歌理想。The narrative of collecting poems appeared officially in the Han Dynasty.As the compound discourse,'collecting poems'in Hanshu had historical basis and documentary sources.The crucial wording that'shaking the bell on the road'and'observing the custom'merged and changed a lot of information which related investigating and inspection systems in Pre-Qin Times and Han Dynasty,as well as the view of poem in The Poetic by Confucius and'Yueshu'of the Historical Records.Narrative of collecting poems in Hanshu had double contexts including historical context and realistic context,which borrowed narrative of collecting poems and used the description activity of Yuefu office collecting songs in Hanwudi period to criticize the purpose of Yuefu office collecting songs had deviated the function of collecting songs in Pre-Qin period.From the angle of discourse analysis,we can reveal the process of'collecting poems'being'produced',understand the complexity and cultural value about the narrative of collecting poems.After absorbing the theory of the new Yuefu by Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi,its poetic value had been highlighted,and later became the poetry ideal after Tang Dynasty.

关 键 词：行人振铎采诗 陈诗观风 采诗夜诵 《汉书·艺文志》 《汉书·礼乐志》 《史记·乐书》 

分 类 号：I207.209[文学—中国文学]