《反恐怖主义法》与反恐刑法衔接不足之探讨  

On Deficiencies in Coordination between Counter-Terrorism Law and Criminal Law against Terrorism

作　　者：赵秉志[1] 牛忠志[2] Zhao Bingzhi Niu Zhongzhi

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院,北京100875 [2]山东科技大学法学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《法学杂志》2017年第2期1-10,共10页Law Science Magazine

摘　　要：《反恐怖主义法》与反恐刑法二者在协调上存在较大的问题。《反恐怖主义法》第3条使用的"恐怖主义"一词限制了刑法的调整范围,因为刑法以行为为处罚对象,建议以刑法规范中的"恐怖行为"取而代之。《反恐怖主义法》第1条将"国家安全"纳入了恐怖活动犯罪的侵犯客体,从立法的目的在于"维护公共安全"出发,建议删除《反恐怖主义法》第1条中的"国家安全",或者在刑法中增加"危害行为既构成恐怖活动犯罪,又构成其他犯罪的,依照刑法关于惩治恐怖活动犯罪的规定定罪处罚"的规定。《反恐怖主义法》对"恐怖主义""恐怖活动""恐怖活动组织""恐怖活动人员""恐怖事件"等术语的界定与刑法不一致,应该澄清。《反恐怖主义法》中的违法行为与反恐刑法中的恐怖活动犯罪界限模糊,应通过情节规定加以区分。《反恐怖主义法》与刑法中关于管辖权的规定虽然不一致,但是从刑法的基本法定位以及执法的可能性出发,应该认为前者并没有对后者的规定进行实质性修改。This article identified several major deficiencies in coordination between the Counter- Terrorism Law （CTL） and criminal law against terrorism, and correspondingly brought forward perfection proposals. In the first place, the word ＂terrorism＂ in article 3 of the CTL unduly restricts the scope of criminal punishment because the criminal law only punishes ＂ acts＂. Therefore, it is suggested the word be replaced with ＂terrorist activities＂. Secondly, the inclusion of ＂endangering State security＂ into the purpose of terrorist activities in article 1 of the CTL restricts the scope of criminal punishment too. Therefore, the criminal law is suggested to add the following article：when a dangerous act constitutes both a terrorist Crime and another one, it should be punished according to the former. Thirdly, definitions of terms such as ＂terrorism＂,＂ terrorist activities＂ and ＂terrorist personnel＂ are not only vague but also not in accordance with those in criminal law and therefore needs clarifications. Fourthly,lines between violations in the CTL and terrorist crimes in criminal law are not clear and they should be further divided by providing more circumstances. Finally, provisions on criminal jurisdiction in the CTL and those in criminal law should be considered substantially the same, although wordings are not identical, from perspec- tives of the position of criminal law and feasibility of law enforcement.

关 键 词：反恐怖主义法 反恐刑法 立法目的 极端主义 刑事管辖权 

分 类 号：D922.14[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]