药用植物DNA标记辅助育种(一):三七抗病品种选育研究  

DNA marker-assisted selection of medicinal plants(Ⅰ).Breeding research of disease-resistant cultivars of Panax notoginseng

作　　者：董林林[1] 陈中坚[2] 王勇[2] 魏富刚 张连娟[1] 徐江[1] 尉广飞 王瑞[1] 杨娟[1] 刘伟林 李西文[1] 余育启 陈士林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]文山学院文山三七研究院,云南文山663000 [3]文山苗乡三七股份有限公司,云南文山663000

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2017年第1期56-62,共7页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81603238;81403053)

摘　　要：药用植物DNA标记辅助育种以DNA多态性为基础,依据分子杂交、聚合酶链式反应、高通量测序等技术,筛选与高产、优质、抗逆等表型关联的DNA片段作为标记,辅助新品种的选育。该研究采用DNA标记辅助育种结合系统选育的技术,选育首个三七抗病新品种"苗乡抗七1号"。结果表明,基于RAD-Seq技术检测出抗病品种包含12个特异SNP位点,经验证record_519688位点与三七抗根腐病相关,包含此位点的基因片段可作为抗病品种的遗传标记辅助三七系统选育;与常规栽培种相比,抗病品种种苗根腐病及锈腐病的发病率分别下降83.6%,71.8%;二年生及三年生三七根腐病的发病率分别下降43.6%,62.9%。此外,依据与抗病关联的SNP筛选三七潜在的抗病群体,该模式扩大目标群体并提高选育效率。药用植物DNA标记辅助育种将加快药用植物新品种选育及推广的进程,保障中药材产业健康发展。DNA marker-assisted selection of medicinal plants is based on the DNA polymorphism, selects the DNA sequences relat- ed to the phenotypes such as high yields, superior quality, stress-resistance and so on according to the technologies of molecular hy- bridization, polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing, and assists the breeding of new cuhivars. This study bred the first disease-resistant cultivar of notoginseng ＂Miaoxiang Kangqi 1＂ using the technology of DNA marker-assisted selection of medicinal plants and systematic breeding. The disease-resistant cuhivar of notoginseng contained 12 special SNPs based on the analysis of Re- striction-site Associated DNA Sequencing （RAD-Seq）. Among the SNP （record_519688） was related to the root rot-resistant charac- teristics, which indicated this SNP could serve as genetic markers of disease-resistant cuhivars and assist the systematic breeding. Corn-pared to the conventional cultivated cuhivars, the incidence rate of root-rot and rust-rot in notoginseng seedlings decreased by 83.6% and 71.8% , respectively. The incidence rate of root-rot respectively declined by 43.6% and 62. 9% in notoginseng cultivation for 2 and 3 years compared with those of the conventional cultivated cultivars. Additionally, the potential disease-resistant groups were screened based on the relative SNP, and this model enlarged the target groups and advanced the breeding efficiency. DNA marker-as- sisted selection of medicinal plants accelerated the breeding and promotion of new cultivars, and guaranteed the healthy development of Chinese medicinal materials industry.

关 键 词：药用植物 DNA标记辅助育种 三七 连作障碍 抗病品种 简化基因组测序技术 单核苷酸多态性 

分 类 号：S567.236[农业科学—中草药栽培]