不同年龄和性别人群老年综合征的现状调查  

Investigation of the current situation of geriatric syndromes in the elderly with different age and gender

作　　者：张超南 覃芹丹 薛阳阳[3] 陈颖颖[1] 孙熠[4] 姜丽萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学护理学院,325000 [2]天门市第一人民医院心胸外科,431700 [3]南京军区南京总医院普通外科研究所,210000 [4]浙江大学医学院,杭州310000

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2017年第2期209-213,共5页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

基　　金：教育部社科基金青年基金项目（14YJCzH077）

摘　　要：目的了解不同年龄、性别老年人患老年综合征的情况，为有效地管理老年综合征提供依据。方法对江浙地区60岁及以上的老年人进行问卷调查，对患本研究所调查的老年综合征者共2778例进行统计分析。结果2778例老年人中，平均患老年综合征数量为（3．4±1．8）种，不同年龄组间老年人患老年综合征数量的差异有统计学意义（F=145．135，P〈0．001），而性别组间的患老年综合征数量差异则无统计学意义（t=0．817，P=0．414）。发生率居前6位的老年综合征依次是日常生活能力缺陷2199例（79．2％）、跌倒1828例（65．8％）、尿失禁1356例（48．8％）、睡眠障碍1023例（36．8％）、认知功能障碍908例（32．7％）和视力损伤896例（32．3％），其中日常生活能力缺陷、跌倒、尿失禁、睡眠障碍和认知功能障碍的发生率均随年龄的增加呈逐渐升高趋势（P〈0．001）。对于老年男性而言，其日常生活能力缺陷、跌倒和尿失禁的发生率均高于女性（P〈0．05），而老年女性的睡眠障碍和认知功能障碍发生率高于男性（P〈0．05）。老年人患3种及以上老年综合征者占66．4％，各年龄组老年人最常见的老年综合征共患情况均为日常生活能力缺陷合并跌倒和尿失禁，且该共患情况的发生率随着年龄的增加而显著上升（χ2=202．523，P〈0．001）。结论老年综合征普遍存在于老年人群，医护人员应重视对老年综合征的管理，推进老年医疗照护的发展。Objective To get the information about the geriatric syndromes in the elderly with different age and gender so as to provide the basis for management of the geriatric syndromes. Methods A questionnaire survey was used to investigate and analyze the geriatric syndromes in 2 778 older subjects aged 60 years and above from Zhejiang and Jiangsu province. Results Among all 2 778 old adults, （3.4± 1.8） geriatric syndromes in average were found. The difference in geriatric syndromes number between different age groups showed a statistical significance（F= 145. 135, P〈 0. 001） ,but a significant difference in geriatric syndromes number between male and female group was not found（t= 0. 817, P=0. 414）. On the top incidence rate of geriatric syndromes were daily life ability defects 2 199 cases（79.2%）, falls 1 828 cases（65.8%）, urinary incontinence 1 356 cases（48.8%）, sleeping disorder 1 023 cases（36.8 % ）, cognitive impairment 908 cases （ 32.7 % ） and visual impairment 896 cases（32.3%）. Among above six geriatric syndromes, the incidence of daily life ability defects, falls, urinary incontinence, sleeping disorder and cognitive impairment seemed to increase with ageing （P〈0. 001）. The incidence of daily life ability defects, falls and urinary incontinence was higher in males than in females （P〈0.05）. The incidence of sleeping disorder and cognitive impairment was higher in females than in males（P〈0.05）. The elderly patients with 3 or more geriatric syndromes exceeded about 66.4%. The most common clusters of geriatric syndromes were daily life ability defectscombined with falls and urinary incontinence, which seemed to significantly increase along with ageing （χ2= 202. 523, P〈0. 001）. Conclusions Geriatric syndromes are common in the elderly, medical care workers should pay attention to the management of the geriatric syndromes, and promote the development of the elderly healthcare.

关 键 词：老年人 综合征 

分 类 号：R592[医药卫生—老年医学]