冀中典型农业区农作物中有机氯农药的生物富集特征与健康风险评价  

Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of organochloine pesticides in crops of typical agricultural region in Central Hebei

作　　者：马玉霞 虞敏达 唐含英 黄彩红[3] 高如泰[3] 张慧[3] 张媛[3] 李丹[3] 

机构地区：[1]满洲里市环境保护监测站,内蒙古满洲里021400 [2]内蒙古环境监测中心站,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [3]中国环境科学研究院地下水与环境系统工程创新基地,北京100012

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2017年第2期147-154,158,共9页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2012ZX07203-003)

摘　　要：分析了冀中典型农业区土壤-农作物体系中有机氯农药(OCPs)残留与生物富集特征,探讨了该地区所产农作物的可食部分对人体健康产生的潜在风险。结果表明:11种OCPs以滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)为主要残留物。土壤中DDTs和HCHs残留量总计达36.52~73.45ng/g,在各自的异构体中p,p’-DDT和γ-HCH所占比例最高,表明OCPs污染主要为近期输入所致。玉米和小麦各器官中,OCPs均在籽粒中最高,分别残留20.66~33.33、19.14~34.57ng/g。小麦和玉米对HCHs的富集能力均强于DDTs。研究显示,该地区玉米与小麦籽粒中OCPs含量虽未超过《农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜安全要求》(GB 18406.1—2001)和《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》(GB 2763—2012),但OCPs致癌总风险相对较高,玉米和小麦中均超过了1×10-6,小麦中OCPs的非致癌总风险和致癌总风险均大于玉米,因此该地区应该优先关注OCPs对小麦所造成的粮食安全问题。The residue and bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)in soil-crop system was investigated and their potential human health risks were assessed.The results showed that DDTs and HCHs were the main OCPs in both soil and crop samples.The total concentrations of HCHs and DDTs ranged from 36.52 to 73.45ng/g in soil.Among the HCHs and DDTs,γ-HCH and p,p'-DDT were the most abundant congeners,respectively,indicating that DDTs and HCHs might be recently released to the environment.The grains showed the highest concentrations of total OCPs,with 20.66-33.33 and 19.14-34.57ng/g for maize and wheat,respectively.Bioconcentration factors of HCHs in maize and wheat were higher than those of DDTs.Although the concentration of OCPs in grains of maize and wheat were within'Safety qualification for agricultural product-safety requirements for non-environmental pollution vegetable'(GB 18406.1-2001)and 'National food safety standard-maximum residue limits for pesticides in food'(GB 2763-2012),the total potential carcinogenic risk of OCPs was relatively high,which was higher than 1×10^(-6).The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in wheat grains were higher than those in maize grains,indicating that the effect of OCPs on wheat should be prioritized.

关 键 词：土壤-农作物体系 有机氯农药 生物富集 健康风险 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X82