Sex ratio of mirid populations shifts in response to hostplant co-infestation or altered cytokinin signaling  

作　　者：Nora Adam Theresa Erler Mario Kallenbach Martin Kaltenpoth Grit Kunert Ian T.Baldwin Meredith C.Schuman 

机构地区：[1]Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8, 07745 Jena, Germany [2]German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany [3]Max Planck Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8, 07745 Jena, Germany [4]Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8, 07745 Jena, Germany

出　　处：《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》2017年第1期44-59,共16页植物学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Max Planck Society(all);the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig,funded by the German Research Foundation(FZT 118;N.A.,I.T.B.,M.C.S.);European Research Council advanced grant Clockwork Green to I.T.B.(number 293926;I.T.B.,M.C.S.);in part by the Collaborative Research Centre Chemical Mediators in Complex Biosystems - ChemBioSys(CRC 1127) funded by the German Research Foundation(I.T. B.,M.C.S.)

摘　　要：Herbivore species sharing a host plant often compete. In this study, we show that host plant-mediated interaction between two insect herbivores-a generalist and a specialist-results in a sex ratio shift of the specialist＇s offspring. We studied demographic parameters of the specialist Tupiocoris notatus（Hemiptera： Miridae）when co-infesting the host plant Nicotiana attenuata（Solanaceae） with the generalist leafhopper Empoasca sp.（Hemiptera： Cicadellidae）. We show that the usually female-biased sex ratio of T. notatus shifts toward a higher male proportion in the offspring on plants coinfested by Empoasca sp. This sex ratio change did not occur after oviposition, nor is it due differential mortality of female and male nymphs. Based on pyrosequencing and PCR of bacterial 16 S rRNA amplicons, we concluded that sex ratio shifts were unlikely to be due to infection with Wolbachia or other known sex ratio-distorting endosymbionts. Finally, we used transgenic lines of N.attenuata to evaluate if the sex ratio shift could be mediated by changes in general or specialized host plant metabolites. We found that the sex ratio shift occurred on plants deficient in two cytokinin receptors（irCHK2/3）.Thus, cytokinin-regulated traits can alter the offspring sex ratio of the specialist T.notatus.Herbivore species sharing a host plant often compete. In this study, we show that host plant-mediated interaction between two insect herbivores-a generalist and a specialist-results in a sex ratio shift of the specialist＇s offspring. We studied demographic parameters of the specialist Tupiocoris notatus（Hemiptera： Miridae）when co-infesting the host plant Nicotiana attenuata（Solanaceae） with the generalist leafhopper Empoasca sp.（Hemiptera： Cicadellidae）. We show that the usually female-biased sex ratio of T. notatus shifts toward a higher male proportion in the offspring on plants coinfested by Empoasca sp. This sex ratio change did not occur after oviposition, nor is it due differential mortality of female and male nymphs. Based on pyrosequencing and PCR of bacterial 16 S rRNA amplicons, we concluded that sex ratio shifts were unlikely to be due to infection with Wolbachia or other known sex ratio-distorting endosymbionts. Finally, we used transgenic lines of N.attenuata to evaluate if the sex ratio shift could be mediated by changes in general or specialized host plant metabolites. We found that the sex ratio shift occurred on plants deficient in two cytokinin receptors（irCHK2/3）.Thus, cytokinin-regulated traits can alter the offspring sex ratio of the specialist T.notatus.

关 键 词：Empoasca populations specialist offspring Hemiptera altered Nicotiana specialized Solanaceae transgenic 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]