赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区小斑啄木鸟育雏行为的初步观察  

Rearing Behavior of Lesser Spotted Woodpecker(Picoides minor) in Saihanwula National Nature Reserve

作　　者：孟和达来 曹立春 乌力吉 宋景良 鲍清泉 李小伟 孟和 李桂林 巴特尔 鲍伟东[3] Menghe Dalai Cao Lichun Wuliji Song Jingliang Bao Qingquan Li Xiaowei Meng He Li Guilin Bateer Bao Weidong(Inner Mongolia Saihanwula National Nature Reserve Administration, Daban, 025150, China Balinyouqi Bayanerdengzhisha Forest Unit, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, Daban, 025150, China College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区管理局,大板025150 [2]内蒙古赤峰市巴林右旗巴彦尔灯治沙林场,大板025150 [3]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2017年第1期86-89,共4页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

摘　　要：啄木鸟为森林益鸟,开展行为生态研究有助于提高物种保护成效。2014年6月中旬,以赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区内繁殖的小斑啄木鸟为研究对象,采用连续观察法与所有事件记录法对两巢小斑啄木鸟育雏行为进行实地观察。结果表明,小斑啄木鸟的育雏与清理巢穴工作由双亲共同承担,喂食高峰期集中在9:00~13:00,双亲平均喂食次数(13±6)次/h;喂食种类包括鳞翅目昆虫及其幼虫、膜翅目昆虫、天牛等林木害虫,以毛虫、蚜虫和蝇类较多。通过t-检验分析显示,双亲在清理巢穴次数上不存在明显差异(正沟巢穴t=0.128,P=0.901;西沟巢穴t=1.390,P=0.195)。此外,小斑啄木鸟在育雏期有护巢行为,对进入其巢穴附近的观察者进行警告驱赶。本研究初步获得了小斑啄木鸟育雏行为信息,为后续深入开展保护研究提供了基础数据。Woodpeckers consume insect pests of forests and study of their behavior is needed for their effective conservation.We observed the brooding behavior of lesser spotted woodpecker（Picoides minor） in two nests in mid-June 2014 at Saihanwula National Nature Reserve by continuousobservation and all-events recording.The parent birds shared duty on brooding and nest maintenance,and feeding peaked at 09：00 ~ 13：00 hrs daily.The average number of feeding times was 13 ± 6 per hour.Food items includes Lepidopteran insects and their larvae,Hymenoptera,Longicorn and other pest insects,of which caterpillara,aphids and flies accounted for a greater proportion than did others.There was no significant difference in time spent cleaning the nest between parent birds.P.minor showed nest protecting behavior in trying to drive off observers who were close to their nests in the brooding period.This study laid a foundation for future research and effective protection of this beneficial forest bird in the nature reserve.

关 键 词：小斑啄木鸟 育雏 行为 观察 

分 类 号：Q958.7[生物学—动物学]