农机合作社社会化服务模式比较研究  

Comparison of different commercial service modes of agricultural machinery cooperatives

作　　者：祝华军[1] 刘小伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学新农村发展研究院,上海200092 [2]农业部农业机械化管理司,北京100125

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2017年第1期96-102,共7页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：农业部农机化管理司课题(2015p680)~~

摘　　要：推进中国农业现代化进程,发展农业适度规模经营,农机合作社社会化服务发挥着重要作用。以长江中下游地区的农机合作社和农户为研究对象,采用归纳法对农机合作社社会化服务的基础模式进行分类,分析其特点,探讨农机社会化服务模式的发展创新。结果表明,农机合作社由单一的农业社会化服务主体向土地经营者和农业服务者双主体转变,其业务也有多元化方向发展的趋势;从农户现状和期望的土地经营方式对比发现,农户对土地经营权的控制意愿弱化,绝对控制土地承包权和经营权的农户由现状的34.13%大幅下降至期望的13.77%,而采取全托管的农户由现状的14.37%大幅上升至期望的27.54%,流转土地放弃土地经营权的农户由现状的21.56%上升至期望的26.95%。研究表明,单纯农机作业将日渐式微,全托管和土地流转等模式逐步得到农户认同,有望快速发展,农机合作社的经营—服务双主体特征将日益明显。因此,建议政府对农机合作社出现的双主体化和业务多元化模式及时加以政策支持和引导规范。Agricultural machinery cooperatives played a critical role in promoting the development of China＇s agricultural modernization and moderate scale operation. Taking the agricultural cooperatives and farmers in the middle and lower basins of the Yangtze River as the research object, and applying the induction method to classify the basic modes of the commercial service of the agricultural machinery professional cooperatives, this paper analyzed the characteristics, development, and innovation of agricultural machinery cooperatives. Results show that agricultural machinery cooperatives changed from a single agricultural service role to a dual subjects of land managers and agricultural service providers and their business showed a diversified development trend. By comparing farmers＇ current situation and their expected operating modes of land, this research found that farmers＇ desire to control the land management right has weakened. The percentage of farmers who had the absolute control of land contracting fights and management fights changed from 34.13% to 13.77%; the percentage of farmers who hold the whole trustees increased from 14.37% to 27.54%; and the percentage of farmers who gave up the land management fights during the land transfer process increased from 21.56% to 26.59%. This research also found that the mode of pure agricultural machinery operations has been gradually declining and other agricultural cooperatives like the whole trust and the land circulation modes gradually got accepted by farmers and with an expectation to grow rapidly. To promote the fast and healthy development of commercial agricultural mechanization service, this paper suggests that the government should enhance policy support and strengthen the guidance on the dual-subjects and diversified modes of agricultural machinery cooperatives.

关 键 词：农机化 农业社会化服务 经营主体 服务主体 模式 多元化 

分 类 号：F321.42[经济管理—产业经济]