美国农业资源和环境保护项目运行机制及对我国的借鉴  

Operating mechanism of US agricultural resource and environment protection projects and its implications to China

作　　者：李靖[1] 孙晓明[2] 毛翔飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部规划设计研究院,北京100125 [2]农业部管理干部学院,北京102208

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2017年第1期138-144,共7页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：农业部软科学课题(201522)~~

摘　　要：借鉴美国农业资源和环境保护政策,有助于加强我国农业环境突出问题治理,促进农业可持续发展,加强生态文明建设。应用阅读法和归纳法对美国农业资源和环境保护项目的项目设置、资金分配、项目挑选、补贴标准等运行机制进行了归纳和分析,重点是对保护储备项目、环境质量改进项目和保护强化项目的操作机制进行了分析。美国农业资源和环境保护项目包括休耕类、农用地保护类、农用地开发权限制类、技术援助类等4大类。每个项目都建立了定量化的指标体系,涉及资源数量、资源质量、成本和绩效等因素,供联邦政府分配资金、各州筛选具体项目以及确定补贴标准时使用。项目通过地租补贴、成本分摊、建立激励机制等3个方面,给予项目实施主体经济激励,从而调动农场主采用环境友好型生产行为的积极性。我国应借鉴美国经验,形成"法规—工程—项目"上下贯通的政策体系,提高政策的指向性;建立农业资源和环境动态监测体系和已实施项目的数据库,提高政策的精准性;发布农业补贴和项目指南,强化第三方评估,提高政策的透明性;经济激励与技术服务相结合,帮助农户实施资源环境保护项目,提高政策的操作性。It is helpful to learn from the US agricultural resource and environment protection programs for solving China＇s agricultural environment problems and for promoting the sustainable development of agricultural and ecological civilization. This paper analyzed these policies in program preparing, capital allocation, program selection, and subsidy standards, especially in the operating mechanism of the protection reserve programs, environmental improvement programs and protection strengthening programs. US agricultural resource and environment protection programs include four categories： fallow, agricultural land protection, agricultural land development rights restricted, and technical assistance. A quantitative index system, including the amount of resources, resource quality, cost, performance and other factors, is established in each program. The federal government uses the system to allocate the capital and the state governments select programs and determine subsidy standards. The implementing farms of the programs are compensated by the economic stimulus, including rent subsidies, cost sharing, and incentives, to use environmental friendly production mode. Implications from these US agricultural development and environment protection programs to China includes： 1） the formation of ＂regulations-project-program＂ path to the policy system is a good choice for China to improve the policy direction; 2） establishing a database of agricultural resources, environment dynamic monitoring system, and projects implemented can improve the accuracy of policies; 3） publishing agricultural subsidy and program guidelines, strengthening third-party evaluation can improve policy transparency; and 4） economic incentives and technical services are necessary to help farmers to implement environmental protection programs.

关 键 词：美国农业 资源环境保护 项目 运行机制 可持续发展 

分 类 号：F310[经济管理—产业经济]