4个不同地理群体刺参杂交的杂种优势及配合力分析  

Heterosis and combining ability analysis of diallel cross from four different Apostichopus japonicas populations

作　　者：郑言鑫 赵春暖[1] 于涛[1] 蔡忠强[1] 林建国[1] 秦搏[2] ZHENG Yanxin ZHAO Chunnuan YU Tao CAI Zhongqiang LIN Jianguo QIN Bo(Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Changdao 265800, Shandong, China East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090, China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站,山东长岛265800 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2017年第1期57-63,共7页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：烟台市科技发展计划项目(2012GGA1320121011105548)

摘　　要：为了探究长岛(C)、大连(D)、威海(W)、胶南(J)4个中国不同地理种群刺参的杂种优势和配合力,采用完全双列杂交建立16个杂交和自交群体组,测定不同日龄(30日龄,60日龄,80日龄,105日龄)的杂交及自交后代生长情况,分析后代生长杂种优势和各组合配合力。结果发现,不同组幼参的生长速度不同,30至80日龄杂交组与自交组差异不显著,105日龄时杂交组D(♀)×J(♂)(DJ)组、WD组、JD组、JC组显著高于自交组(CC组、WW组、JJ组);不同杂交组的杂交优势率在同一生长阶段各不相同,而同一组在不同生长阶段也存在差别,CD组、JC组和JD组始终为正值,CW组始终为负值,随着各组刺参的生长杂种优势率为正值的组增多,其中105日龄JC组最高,为9.69%;D(♀)、J(♀)和D(♂)一般配合力效应值较高;30至60日龄JD组特殊配合力较高,80至105日龄WD、JC、CW和DJ组特殊配合力较高。综合分析认为C(♀)×D(♂)、D(♀)×J(♂)、J(♀)×C(♂)和J(♀)×D(♂)杂交组合具有良好的生长和较高特殊配合力。To investigate heterosis and combining ability of the diallel crosses of different Apostichopus japonicas populations which were from Changdao （ C ）, Dalian （ D ）, Weihai （W） and Jiaonan （ J）, the experiment established 16 groups of 4 × 4 diallel crosses of different Apostichopus japonicas populations. The larval survival growth performance of 30 day （d）, 60 d, 80 d and 105 d were obtained, and the heterosis, the general combining ability and the specific combining ability were compared between the different groups. The results showed that： The body length was different in different groups, and there was no significance between hybrid and selfing groups of 30 d, 60 d and 80 d. The body length of the hybrid groups which were groups of D （ ♀ ） × J （ ♂ ） （ DJ）, WD, JD and JC of 105 d was significantly greater than the combinations which were groups of CC, WW and JJ. The heterosis was different in different hybrid groups and different stages. The groups of CD, JC and JD were always positive, and the group of CW was always negative. The number of groups which were positive increased with growth of A. japonicas, and the groups of JC of 105 d was 9.69 % and highest. The general combining ability of D （ ♀ ）, J （ ♀ ） and D （ ♂ ） was higher than others. The special combining ability of groups of JD was higher on 30 d and 60 d , the groups of CD, DJ, JC and JD were higher than other groups on 80 d and 105 d. It can be concluded that the hybrid combinations of C （♀） × D （♂） ,D （♀） ×J （♂） , J （♀） ×C （♂） andJ （♀）×D （♂） of Apostichopusjaponicas have better growth performance and higher special combining ability by comprehensive consideration.

关 键 词：刺参 双列杂交 杂种优势 配合力 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]