免耕及深松耕对黄土高原地区春玉米和冬小麦产量及水分利用效率影响的整合分析  

Meta Analysis on Impact of No-Tillage and Subsoiling Tillage on Spring Maize and Winter Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：魏欢欢[1,2] 王仕稳[1,3] 杨文稼 孙海妮 殷俐娜[1,3] 邓西平[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所/黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2017年第3期461-473,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD22B01);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2015CB150402)

摘　　要：【目的】明确免耕、深松耕在黄土高原不同区域春玉米、冬小麦种植中的适用性和增产效果。【方法】通过文献检索共获得45篇大田试验文献和209组试验数据,采用整合分析方法(Meta-analysis),定量分析免耕、深松耕在黄土高原不同区域、不同年降雨量和不同年均温度下对春玉米、冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响特征。【结果】与常规耕作相比,在黄土高原北部和中部采用免耕能有效提高春玉米产量和水分利用效率10%以上;在年降雨量≤500 mm地区免耕春玉米的产量和水分利用效率增加最显著,分别增加13.4%和13.6%(P<0.05);在年均温度≤10℃地区免耕春玉米的产量和水分利用效率显著增加,分别增加7.6%和9.3%(P<0.05)。在黄土高原东南部和西北部采用深松耕都能显著提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率;在年降雨量500—600 mm地区,采用深松耕的冬小麦产量和水分利用效率增加最显著,分别增加14.5%和12.2%(P<0.05);在不同年均温度地区,深松耕冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率均显著增加。在不同区域、不同年降雨量和不同年均温度下,采用深松耕的冬小麦产量和水分利用效率增加率均高于免耕。【结论】免耕、深松耕在黄土高原不同区域的适应性不同,在黄土高原中部和北部采用免耕更有利于提高春玉米产量和水分利用效率;在年降雨量≤500 mm地区和年均温度≤10℃地区采用免耕更有利于春玉米产量和水分利用效率的增加;在黄土高原东南部和西北部采用深松耕均有利于提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率,且效果优于免耕。[ Objective] The objective of the experiment was to clarify the adaptability of no-tillage and subsoiling tillage to spring maize and winter wheat planting in different areas of Loess Plateau, and the effects of no-tillage and subsoiling tillage on crop yield-increasing in Loess Plateau. [ Method ] A total of 209 databases were obtained from 45 published literatures, and then the effects of no-tillage and subsoiling tillage on the yield and water use efficiency of spring maize and winter wheat were quantified using a meta-analysis method in different areas, annual precipitations and annual average temperatures of Loess Plateau. [ Result ] Compared with those under conventional tillage, the yield and water use efficiency of spring maize under no-tillage conditions increased by more than 10% in north and middle of Loess Plateau; the yield and water use efficiency of spring maize under no-tillage conditions significantly increased by 13.4% and 13.6% （P〈0.05） in areas with annual precipitation ≤500 mm and significantly increased by 7.6% and 9.3% （P〈0.05） in areas with annual average temperature ≤ 10℃. Moreover, the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat under subsoiling tillage conditions significantly increased in southeast and northwest of Loess Plateau. In areas with annual precipitation of 500-600 mm, the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat under subsoiling conditions significantly increased by 14.5% and 12.2% （P〈0.05）, and the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat under subsoiling conditions also increased significantly in areas with annual average temperature of ≤ 10℃ or 〉 10℃. In various areas, annual precipitation, annual average temperature, the increases of the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat under subsoiling tillage conditions were higher than that under no-tillage conditions. [ Conclusion ] In different areas of Loess Plateau, the adaptability of no-tillage and subsoiling tillage were different. No-tillage was beneficial to the yie

关 键 词：免耕 深松耕 作物 产量 水分利用效率 整合分析 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512.11