老年人跌倒风险的相关因素分析  

Relevance analysis of fall risk in elderly people

作　　者：高茂龙[1] 宋岳涛[1] 白旭晶[1] 邓宝凤[2] 张翼[3] 罗昌春 陈峥[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京老年医院老年病临床与康复研究所,100095 [2]北京老年医院护理部,100095 [3]北京老年医院科教处,100095

出　　处：《中国医药》2017年第2期290-293,共4页China Medicine

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划（2012BAI10800）

摘　　要：目的分析老年人跌倒风险的相关因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法从北京市城乡结合部的一个社区卫生服务中心所辖社区抽取500名≥60岁的老年人作为研究对象，对其进行跌倒问卷调查。调查内容包括生活能力（日常生活活动能力评分）、老年人平衡能力（老年人平衡测试表）和跌倒风险（起立．行走试验和老年人跌倒风险量表等）。结果本次调查男性跌倒发生率低于女性，差异有统计学意义[8．9％（19／213）比16．7％（48／287）]（χ2=6．078，P=0．014）。单因素Logistic回归分析显示老年人跌倒的危险因素有：男性、助行器使用、卒中、帕金森病、视觉障碍、关节炎、认知功能缺陷、镇静药物使用、日常生活活动能力自理程度（需要辅助）、日常生活活动能力功能缺陷（中度以上）、起立一行走跌倒风险（轻度以上）、老年人平衡能力（较大削弱）、跌倒风险量表中危和高危（比值比=2．016、2．508、2．849、6．672、2．287、2．510、3．072、2．645、4．307、8．614、4．983、3．132、9．765、15．943，均P〈0．05）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现，男性和老年人跌倒风险量表中危和高危是老年人跌倒风险的相关因素（比值比=1．948、9．258、16．595，均P〈0．05）。Spearman相关分析显示，老年人跌倒风险量表评估情况、日常生活活动能力自理程度、老年人平衡能力、起立一行走跌倒风险相互之间均存在相关性（均P〈0．01）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，这4个因素均为老年人跌倒发生的独立危险因素（均P〈0．05）。结论老年人跌倒风险量表可便捷地评估老年人跌倒发生的风险，而且经评估量表评估为中危以上对老年人跌倒风险的警示作用很明显。Objective To analyze the relevant factors of fall risk in elderly people. Methods Totally 500 elderly people（ ≥60 years old） in a community health service center of rural-urban continuum in Beijing were enrolled by cluster sampling method. The people had elderly fall questionnaire survey, including activities of daily living, balance ability, stand-walking test and the fall risk scale, etc. Results The incidence of fall in male was lower than that in female[ 8.9% （ 19/213 ） vs 16. 7% （48/287） J and the difference was statistically sigmficant （χ2 = 6. 078, P =0. 014）. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors of elderly fall were male, walk aid instrument, stroke, Parkinson disease, vision impairment, arthritis, cognitive deficiency, sedatives, activities of daily living（ need assistance）, functional defect of daily living （above middle degree） , stand-walking fall risk （above mild degree）, balance ability（weakened greatly）, middle and high risk in fall risk scale（odds ratio = 2.016, 2. 508, 2. 849, 6. 672, 2. 287, 2. 510, 3. 072, 2. 645, 4. 307, 8. 614, 4. 983, 3. 132, 9. 765, 15. 943 ; P 〈 0. 05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors of elderly fall were gender, middle and high risk in fall risk scale （ odds ratio = 1. 948, 9. 258, 16. 595 ; P 〈 0. 05 ）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there were correlations among fall risk scale result, activities of daily living, balance ability and stand-walking fall risk （P 〈 0. 01 ） ; multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fall risk scale result, activities of daily living, balance ability and stand-walking fall risk were independent risk factors of elderly fall（P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Middle and high risk in fall risk scale is a risk factor of fall risk in elderly people.

关 键 词：意外跌倒 认知障碍 卒中 

分 类 号：R493[医药卫生—康复医学]