社区支持农业的发展:理论基础与国际经验  

The Development of Community Supported Agriculture:Theoretical Foundation and International Experience

作　　者：董欢[1] 郑晓冬[2] 方向明[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院 [2]中国农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2017年第1期82-92,共11页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(项目编号:2015QC047)的资助

摘　　要：社区支持农业是在对产业化农业重新审视基础上逐渐兴起的一种替代性农业。理论和实践都证明,社区支持农业发展具有经济合理性,是消费者和生产者以"自利"为切入点做出的符合自身利益的制度选择,并在实践中产生了保护生态环境、促进农业文化和农村社区发展等旁侧效益。从国际经验来看,社区支持农业呈现如下发展趋势:为应对市场需求限制和消费者信任危机,社区支持农业农场广泛开展参与式体验活动;社区支持农业发展中的劳动力短缺矛盾十分突出,"学徒模式"正在成为其重要的人才培养机制;食品供给周期较短、供给品种及数量有限等发展短板,倒逼社区支持农业农场创新经营模式、寻找合作伙伴;社区支持农业面临愈发激烈的市场竞争,但政府、第三方机构的扶持及更多生产者的加入都为其发展带来重大机遇。由于自身发展和外在约束的客观存在,在全球化、市场化环境中,社区支持农业的发展价值并不在于真正替代产业化农业,而是通过示范一种可将农业多功能性显性化的发展模式,推动人们改进产业化农业。Community Supported Agriculture(CSA) is an alternative agriculture that has gradually emerged while a growing percentage of population began to question about industrial agriculture. Since CSA is an arrangement that meets both consumers and farmers' interests, the development of CSA has an economic rationality. Moreover, the development of CSA generates many side-benefits, such as protecting ecological environment, promoting the development of agricultural culture and rural communities. Learning from international experiences, the study finds that the development of CSA has showed the following trends. First of all, more and more CSA farms carry out participatory activities in response to the constraints of market demand and trust crisis. Secondly, owing to a labor shortage, apprenticeship is becoming an important training system for CSA. Thirdly, because of a shorter supply period, limited supply variety and amount, CSA farms are forced to be innovative in designing its development model and to seek partners. Fourthly, CSA is facing fierce market competition, but the support from the government and third parties as well as the participation of a great number of farmers have brought significant opportunities for its development. Due to such development constraints, the true value of CSA is to improve industrial agriculture rather than replacing it, and to demonstrate a development model that can manifest agricultural multifunctionality.

关 键 词：农业发展模式 社区支持农业(CSA) 农业多功能性 产业化农业 制度创新 

分 类 号：F313[经济管理—产业经济]