中国村务监督机制运行评价及其制度优化路径——基于21个省846个村4625个村民的调查研究  

Evaluation and Optimization Path for Chinese Village Affairs Supervisory Mechanism:Based on the Investigation of 4625 Farmers in 846 Villages in 21 Provinces of China

作　　者：姬超[1] 

机构地区：[1]许昌学院中原农村发展研究中心,许昌518060

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2017年第1期21-30,共10页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"现代化进程中的世界农村与农民问题研究"(编号:11JJD840007);2012年度教育部社科规划青年项目"社会审计与农民民主能力"(编号:12YJCZH145);国家自然科学基金青年科学项目(编号:71203145)

摘　　要：基于21个省846个村4625个村民的随机抽样调研和总体评估表明,中国村务监督组织整体上已覆盖全国农村,组织形式日益多样化,村务公开制度基本确立,但监督效果不够理想,监督力量有待整合,违规现象广泛存在,不同类型村庄的村务监督效果大相径庭。造成这种现象的原因在于村务监督组织外生于村庄社会和经济发展体系,自上而下的强制性政策建构导致适应性问题;监督主体参与能力受限,监督意识不强;信息不对称,村干部强势主导村务监督体系;制度滞后,依法治村难度大;治理失序,基层政府不能有效应对村庄事务。村务监督机制的优化路径主要在于加强村治顶层设计,扩大村务监督主体范围,拓宽监督参与渠道,保障并激励村民的主动参与,最终实现不同类型村庄治理的分类指导和整体推进。Village affairs supervisory mechanism is an important part of China's grassroots governance system,also is the basic guarantee to maintain China's rural stability and rural development. In recent years,with the village official corruption intensified,which direct damaged the interests of famers,and Chinese grassroots stability facing a severe test. Based on the investigation and totality evaluating of 4625 famers in 846 villages in 21 provinces of China,the result showed us that: supervision organization has covered the overall Chinese rural areas,and the form increased various,affairs open system basically established,but the supervision effect is not ideal and the supervision power still need to be integrated,and most village exist illegal phenomenon. The reason for this phenomenon lies in:(1) The ability of supervision subject was limited,and supervision consciousness was not strong.(2) The information was asymmetric,and the village leader led the village supervision system.(3) System lagged behind,and administering the village by law is difficult.(4) Governance disorder,grassroots government can't effectively deal with the affairs of the village. Accordingly,the optimal path of village affairs supervision mechanism of our country mainly lies in strengthening village governance top-level design,and to expand the scope of the main supervision of village affairs,to broaden the supervision and participation channels,and to provide the security and encourage famers to participate in,ultimately achieve different types of village governance classification guidance and propulsion.

关 键 词：村务监督机制 基层治理 监督主体 制度优化 分类指导 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]