环境质量标准的侵权法适用研究  

Research on the Application of Environmental Quality Standard in Tort Liability Law

作　　者：陈伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2017年第1期209-229,共21页China Legal Science

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目<江苏省循环经济地方立法研究>(项目批准号:13FXC011)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：环境质量标准是界定环境是否受到某种污染的各类限值,离开一定的环境质量标准,环境是否受到污染在大多数情况下将难以判断。在存在环境质量标准且其自身的合法性和合理性未受质疑的前提下,应当承认环境质量标准在侵权法上界定是否存在污染的效力,从而承认被告的合规抗辩。如果环境中的特定污染物没有超过环境质量标准规定的限值,无论排污者排放的污染物是否超过了污染物排放标准,排污者都不应承担环境污染侵权责任。如果环境中的特定污染物超过了环境质量标准规定的限值,该污染物系排污者的排放所致,且能够认定污染物与损害结果之间存在因果关系,则排污者应当承担环境污染侵权责任。当不同地方的环境质量标准对同一污染物限值的规定不一致时,应当以更加严格的环境质量标准为进一步判断人身损害因果关系是否存在的"门槛":当污染物超过更加严格的环境质量标准限值时,则进入判断因果关系的程序,否则,排污者不承担环境污染侵权责任。环境质量标准是判断环境侵权因果关系是否具备相当性的合理界限,从而也是利益是否受侵权法保护的边界。Environmental quality standards are some limits being used to judge if the environment has been contaminated. Without environmental quality standards, it is hard to define the contamination in most situations. The potency of the environmental quality standards in defining the contamination in accordance with the Tort Liability Law and the defendant＇ s defense of regulatory compliance should be admitted if the environmental quality standards and their legality and rationality are not criticized. If the pollutants in environment has not exceeded the limit of the environmental quality standard, whether the pollutants exceed the emission standard, the polluter should not take the tort liability in environmental pollution. When the specific pollutants in environment discharged by the polluter has exceeded the limit stipulated in the environmental quality standard, and the causal relationship between pollutants and damage result eould be identified, then the polluter should take the tort liability. When there are different limits in different provinces, the more stringent environmental quality standard should be served as the threshold to further judge if there is causal relationship of personal injury. When the pollutants exceed its limit, the process to judge the causal relationship should begin, otherwise the polluter will not take the tort liability. Environmental quality standards are the rational boundaries to tell the environmental tort causation and to judge if the interests could be protected by the Tort Liability Law.

关 键 词：环境质量标准 污染物排放标准 合规抗辩 环境侵权 因果关系 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]