长期不同施肥处理对土壤氮素矿化特性的影响  

Effect of different long-term fertilization treatments on nitrogen mineralization characteristics in soil

作　　者：赵伟[1,2] 梁斌[1,3] 周建斌[1] ZHAO Wei LIANG Bin ZHOU Jianbin(College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A ＆ F University /Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China ,Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Weinan Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Weinan, Shaanxi 714000, China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University ,Qingdao,Shandong 266109 ,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]渭南市农业技术推广中心,陕西渭南714000 [3]青岛农业大学资源环境学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第2期177-181,共5页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31372137);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B04)

摘　　要：【目的】了解长期不同施肥处理土壤的供氮能力,从而为确定合适的氮肥用量提供理论依据。【方法】采用间歇淋洗好气培养法,研究小麦-休闲轮作下长期不同施肥处理(No-F.20年不施肥处理;NPK.20年施用NPK肥处理;MNPK.20年有机肥与NPK肥配施处理)土壤0~20,20~40和40~60cm土层土壤氮素矿化特性。【结果】与NPK处理相比,MNPK处理明显提高了0~20和20~40cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮、氮素矿化累积量和氮素矿化势(N0);与No-F处理相比,MNPK处理明显提高了0~60cm土层土壤氮素矿化累积量和氮素矿化势。3种施肥处理下,0~20,20~40,40~60cm土层N0占土壤全氮的比例分别为19%~23%,9%~12%,6%;各土层中MNPK处理下该比例值均最高。0~20,20~40和40~60cm土层氮素矿化累积量分别占0~60cm土层的62%~71%,20%~27%和9%~12%。不同施肥处理中,MNPK处理0~20cm土层氮素矿化累积量占0~60cm土层的比例最高。【结论】有机肥与无机肥长期配施明显提高了0~60cm土层土壤供氮能力。【Objective】This study aimed to understand the soil nitrogen supplying capacity of different long-term fertilization treatments.【Method】An intermittent leaching aerobic incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different long-term fertilization treatments（No-F,no fertilizer for 20years;NPK,applied NPK fertilizers for 20years;and MNPK,applied cattle manure plus NPK fertilizers for20years）on N mineralization in soil layers of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm in winter wheat-summer fallow rotation system.【Result】Compared with the NPK treatment,the MNPK treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,cumulative mineralized N and potentially mineralizable nitrogen（N0）in soil layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm.The cumulative N and N0 in layer of 0-60 cm were significantly higher in the MNPK treatment than in the No-F treatment.For all treatments,the proportions of N0 to total N were 19%-23%,9%-12% and 6%in layers of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm,respec-tively.The proportion of N0 to total N was the highest in the MNPK treatment.The ratios of cumulative N in layers of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,and 40-60 cm were 62%-71%,20%-27%,and 9%-12%,respectively.The MNPK treatment had the highest ratio of cumulative N in layer 0-20 cm to layer 0-60 cm.【Conclusion】Long-term combined application of cattle manure with inorganic fertilizer was an efficient way to enhance the nitrogen supplying capacity in soil layer of 0-60 cm.

关 键 词：长期施肥 土壤 氮素 矿化特性 

分 类 号：S153.61[农业科学—土壤学]