碱性岩相关铜-金(钼)矿床的研究进展  

The progress in the study of Cu-Au(Mo) deposits related to alkaline rocks

作　　者：王丰翔[1,2] 裴荣富[1] 江思宏[1] 邱慧远 刘翼飞[1] 赵元艺[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学(武汉),湖北武汉430074 [3]河北地质大学,河北石家庄050031

出　　处：《地质通报》2017年第1期140-153,共14页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目<"一带一路"资源潜力综合分析与成果应用>(编号:12120115065901)和<中蒙边境大型-特大型铜-金;铀和稀有金属矿集区对比研究>(编号:12120115066201)

摘　　要：由于超过20%的大型-超大型铜-金(钼)矿床与碱性岩浆有关,因此,该类矿床引起矿床学家的广泛关注。碱性岩有关的铜-金矿床的成矿岩体、物化条件及围岩种类各具特色,成矿成因类型多样,主要的成因类型为斑岩型铜-金(钼)、浅成低温热液脉型金-铜(钼)。总体上,该类矿床的矿化和蚀变具有一定的特征:该类矿床多产出在伸展环境下、均富碲化物矿化、有大量的钾质交代作用、含有氟矿物质和钒云母等,成矿蚀变亦有一定的规律。长英质岩石中经常发生钾长石蚀变,而绢云母、碳酸盐和钾长石的混合蚀变常出现在中基性侵入岩中,水热合成石英和酸性蚀变十分罕见。这种特征矿化可能与碱性岩浆流体演化有关,这种流体富含CO_2,且在高氧逸度、低硫逸度条件下释放。在伸展背景下的碱性-钙碱性省寻找此类矿床具有巨大的勘查潜力,尤其在碱性岩体中心及其外围可能形成勘探的靶区。在中国与碱性岩有关的金矿床亦有广阔的找矿前景,在借鉴国外寻找此类矿床经验的同时,仍需加强对与矿化作用有关的岩浆体活动的研究。Cu-Au （Mo） deposits related to alkaline rocks have attracted more and more attention throughout the world, because more than 20% of the world-class Au-Cu （Mo） deposits are associated with shoshonitic and alkaline rocks. Although they include most of the usual types ofAu-Cu （Mo） deposits such as porphyry type and gold-rich epithermal deposits, they share the same charac- teristics of mineralization and alteration on the whole. As a group, these deposits are characterized by Te-rich mineralization, abun- dant K metasomatism and minerals such as fluorite and roscoelite. Most of these unique mineralization characteristics may be attribut- ed to the evolution of composition of ore-related alkaline magmas, and the fluids were under the condition of CO2-richness, relative oxidation and low sulfidation. Most Cu-Au （Mo） deposits developed in alkaline provinces in a stretching environment also constitute exploration targets in and around alkaline igneous centers. The perspectives of Cu-Au （Mo） deposits related to alkaline rocks in Chi- na are tremendous. To better find new deposits of this type, researchers should pay more attention to petrogenesis and their relation to Cu-Au mineralization.

关 键 词：碱性岩省 铜-金矿床 成矿作用 勘查经验 

分 类 号：P618.41[天文地球—矿床学] P618.51[天文地球—地质学]