盐度对口虾蛄仔虾摄食、存活和掘穴的影响  

The effect of salinity on survival, food intake, and burrowing behavior in post-settlement mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria

作　　者：刘海映[1] 张嵩[1] 邢坤[1] 陈雷[1] 张秀芹[1] LIU Hai-ying ZHANG Song XlNG(College of Marine Science and Environment, Kun, CHEN Lei, ZHANG Xiu-qin Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海洋科学》2016年第11期121-128,共8页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41006079);浙江省近岸水域生物资源开发与保护重点实验室开放基金(J2012009);农业部北方海水增养殖重点实验室2014年开放课题(2014-MSENC-KF-17)~~

摘　　要：为研究口虾蛄（Oratosquilla oratoria）仔虾在人工养殖条件下的盐度适应性,作者分别实验分析了盐度突变和渐变对其累积存活率、摄食率和掘穴行为的影响。实验结果表明,仔虾盐度耐受能力较强,突变组的仔虾存活盐度为15～45,渐变组的仔虾存活盐度为5～54;仔虾的适宜盐度为21～33,24 h存活率在80%以上;盐度对口虾蛄的摄食影响较大,突变盐度为21～33时,仔虾摄食较为活跃,低于18或高于42基本不摄食;盐度渐变组摄食活跃范围为19～38,低于9或高于50基本不摄食;盐度突变对口虾蛄仔虾掘穴的影响显著,盐度突变至21和33时,掘穴时间极显著延长。本实验结果可以为口虾蛄的人工养殖和增殖放流提供参考和依据。To study the adaptive behavior of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in an artificial cultured envi- ronment with special reference to salinity, the cumulative survival, food intake, and burrowing rate of post settle- ment mantis shrimp were monitored. Post-settlement mantis shrimp demonstrated a higher salinity tolerance com- pared to that in the larval stages. The survival rate was 15-45 in the sharply changed salinity group, and it can out- reach 5-54 in the gradually changed groups. The optimal salinity was 21-33 wherein more than 80% of post-settlement mantis shrimp survived for 24 h. Feeding activity was significantly influenced by salinity. In the sharply changed salinity group, the post settlement mantis shrimp actively fed when salinity was within the range of 21-33 ; however, food intake was negligible when the salinity was less than 18 and higher than 42. The post-settlement mantis shrimps fed actively when the salinity was between 19 and 38; however, this activity was negligible when the salinity was less than 9 and higher than 50. Sharp changes in salinity had a significant effect on the.burrowing rates, with the burrowing time elongated in the salinity range of 21-33. These results will provide useful information for aquaculture and stock enhancement in the future.

关 键 词：盐度 口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria) 仔虾 摄食率 存活率 掘穴 

分 类 号：S966.1[农业科学—水产养殖]